Path 2420A Quiz 1-5 Questions

Pathology is....

The study of the cause(s) of disease

The study of the mechanism or progression of disease

The study of the incidence and prevalence of disease

The study of disease

The study of changes in organ function in disease

All but what are true about measures for choosing wisely with regard to testing in pathology?

All patients should be screened for 25-OH vitamin D deficiency

Screening pap smears should be performed on patients 21-69 years of age

In patients with low risk surgeries, without clinical indication, routine preoperative blood work can be avoided

Urine specimens for culture are unnecessary if a patient is asymptomatic

A slightly overweight, middle aged man comes into the emergency room complaining of chest pain, nausea and some dizziness. He reports he has been in generally good health and is on no medications.

These may be signs of a heart attack

This is due to an idiopathic cause

This is due to an iatrogenic cause

These may be sequelae of a heart attack

These may be the symptoms of a heart attack

The sample of a fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland was put directly into formalin. Upon review of the pathology report, it says “evaluation of tissue is limited due to incorrect tissue preservation”. What is the problem?

This is a post-analytical error

The issue was placed in the wrong fixative

The specimen was ordered under the wrong patient

The specimen was lost

Which of the following statements is false regarding specimen collection?

The separator gel in a SST and PST tube provide a physical barrier between the serum or plasma and cells to increase analyte stability

If you draw the wrong tube type you cannot pour the blood into the correct tube type (ie a lavender into a green tube)

Plasma samples are drawn in tubes with anti-coagulants (eg heparin or EDTA)

Blood samples are most commonly collected by venipuncture or finger prick

Collection tubes do not have to be drawn in a specific order

A 55-year old smoker with chronic obstructive lung disease takes theophylline to improve his breathing. His doctor also gives him a prescription for cimetidine to treat a peptic ulcer. He is taking his medications as prescribed, when he begins to have symptoms of nausea, repeated vomiting and insomnia. He is seen in the emergency room where a measure of his serum theophylline is found to be in the toxic range. This scenario is an example of:

Which of the following would improve the Utilization of laboratory testing?

Sending a sample to the lab for repeat testing of every rapid Point of Care urinalysis test to confirm

Requiring approval to send out specialized testing after reviewing the case, turn around time and impact to the patient

Ordering all inpatient samples as STAT

Still doing a lab test when a patient did not follow the patient preparation instructions (ie fasting, stopping medication) before getting a sample drawn

Ordering a multi test panel for thyroid disease instead of one test because total lab automation system can handle large testing workloads

Which of the following would not contribute to pre-analytical errors for lab tests?

A nurse draws a lavender tube for a Complete Blood Count (CBC), before they remove the needle the physician requests extra tubes be taken for routine serum chemistry tests

A busy nurse prints tube labels for three patients, puts them in her pocket, then goes to collect blood, without checking patient identification on the labels

A nurse working in the Mother Baby unit knows if she fills a 0.5mL pediatric blood collection tube she gets test results for the baby, she decides that 1 mL of blood is plenty in a 4.5mL adult vacutainer when drawing samples for testing on the mother.

Blood is collected by heel prick from a baby in the NICU into a capillary tube for blood gas analysis and it is mixed well with the heparin in the tube before it is delivered to the lab

The instructions say to send the sample for ammonia testing to the lab on ice, but the ice machine in the area is broken the phlebotomist decides to walk the lab to the lab right away, so it is sent without ice

Which of the following conditions is an example of an autosomal dominant disorder?

Polycystic kidney disease

Klinefelter syndrome

Cystic fibrosis

Down syndrome

If a child has cystic fibrosis:

Only the mother would be a carrier

All siblings would have cystic fibrosis

Both parents would be carriers

Both parents would have cystic fibrosis

One parent would have cystic fibrosis

Down Syndrome is:

Due to a chromosome deletion

Associated with advanced maternal age

Sex chromosome disorder

A congenital disorder caused by maternal consumption of alcohol

Regarding chromosomal abnormalities, Which of the following are examples of structural chromosomal abnormalities? (Select all that apply)

A male patient who is tall, with gynecomastia (excess breast development), small testes, and infertility most likely has which of the following syndromes?

Klinefelter syndrome

Edward syndrome

Turner syndrome

Patau syndrome

You are seeing a 33-year old who is coming in for her routine check-up. She has a son with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. She was found to be carrier for the DMD mutation that was identified for her son. How is Duchenne muscular dystrophy inherited?

Autosomal Dominant

Mitochondrial

X-linked inheritance

Autosomal Recessive

All of her daughters will be affected

All of her daughters will be carriers

All of her sons will be affected

She has a 50% chance of passing that mutation to her children

All of the following components of the cell are particularly vulnerable to injury except:

The growth adaptation most similar to that seen in Alzheimer's disease is....

Changes in skeletal muscle in a limb that has lost its innervation

The presence of senile plaques

Pruning of the brain cells during development

Caridomegaly due to hypertension

Liquefactive necrosis

Which type of necrosis is most characteristic of ischemia involving the heart or kidney?

What is a potential complication of cells with damaged DNA being allowed to pass through the cell cycle and continue proliferating?

Adaptation

Apoptosis

Malignant tumour formation

Necrosis

Necrosis rather than apoptosis is more likely involved in which of the following?

Involution of the thymus

Accumulation of misfolded proteins

Cell shrinkage

Inflammatory response

Cellular changes following a myocardial infarction include all of the following except...?

All of the following are properly paired except...?

Energy-dependent process - apoptosis

Increase in number of cells - hypertrophy

Myocardial infarction - coagulative necrosis

Hydropic degeneration - reversible cell injury

Substances that attract inflammatory cells to an area of inflammation are called:

Opsonins

Permeability factors

Receptors

Chemotactic factors

Swelling during inflammation is due to:

Exudation of fluid, protein, and cells

Chemotaxis

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

A young boy with keloid tendencies suffers an extensive burn. You explain to the parents that the keloid is composed predominately of:

The cellular events of acute inflammation occur in the following order

Margination, transmigration, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis

Adhesion, margination, transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis

Margination, adhesion, phagocytosis, transmigration, chemotaxis

Margination, adhesion, transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis

Adhesion, chemotaxis, margination, transmigration, phagocytosis

What inflammatory cell that is not usually seen in other infectious lesions, is abundant in parasitic infestations?

Which the following tissues undergoes regeneration following injury? (Select all that apply)

Heart muscle

Intestinal mucosa

Brain

Liver

Classical or cardinal signs of acute inflammation include all the following except:

Granulation tissue is:

Made of capillaries, fibroblasts, and macrophages

Made of PMNs (neutrophils), fibrin, and blood cells

Present in skin wounds only

A result of foreign body material

A common feature of tuberculosis

Which of the following does not contribute to the innate defence mechanisms of skin and mucosal surfaces:

Class II major histocompatability molecules are:

Present on all cells

Present only on antigen presenting cells

Recognized by cytotoxic T cells

Recognized by helper T cells

A patient with chronic granulomatous disease is most likely to:

Hypofunction of the immune system may cause any of the following EXCEPT:

Within minutes of a bee sting, a 23 year old woman develops generalized pruritis and hyperemia of the skin, followed shortly by swelling of the face and eyelids, dyspnea, and laryngeal edema. This reaction is mediated by:

In Type II hypersensitivity, IgG antibodies can mediate immune responses by:

Causing immune complex formation

Enhancing T cell survival

Deactivating the complement system

Activating normal function of cellular receptors

None of the options are correct

Cell mediated immunity involves:

Antibody-dependent reactions

Th2 cell and cytokines

Cytotoxic T cells and tissue damage

Reactions to allergens such as pollen, grass or food

Immediate reactions within minutes

The autoimunne disease systemic lupus erythematous is mediated by

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Antigen/antibody immune complex deposition in different organs

NK cells

Binding of antibody to fixed antigens on cell surfaces causing cell lysis

Interaction between antigen and IgE fixed on the surface of mast cells

Graves disease is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Path 2420A Quiz 1-5 Questions

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