Chapter 1

€�……………(1)………………… drew the first world map with only the Atlantic coastline of the new continent visible (not yet the Pacific front, not included) in this regard, showing Columbus' first three voyages to America, Caboto's voyage to Newfoundland (Canada) and Gama's Indian voyage, in 1500. (He was also the owner of Santa Maria on which Columbus made his voyage of discovery.) Considering all explorer maps, including the writings of Amerigo Vespucci in 1504, ………(2)……… drew the first world map (in 1507), showing North and South America (with the Pacific) as separate lands from Asia and clearing the uncertainties with scientific measures.

On a material basis, the network of relations is changing, and the mentality and outlook on life are radically changing. The novel has emerged as the literary fiction of the modern bourgeois individual. When Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, the modern bourgeois individual had not yet appeared on the stage of history, and Don Quixote was considered the first novel hero with features close to the new man. Yet a century later, the hero of the novel ............ Is truly an individual: It is an individual who is far from obsessions and mind obsessions, is able to overcome difficulties by revealing his diligence towards nature and realism against life, and establishes moral values according to himself and cares about account and rule. The book tells an adventure, the hero of the story is the allegory of bourgeois man's conquest of the world. Who was the author of this first novel in which the bourgeois individual was a hero, what was the name of the book?

Which of the following statements contains the correct information?

The ……………………. Kingdom was reconstructed/designed Lisboa in the heritage of Islamic Andalucia in 1200’s. The King Henrique o Navegador held some Morocco coastal points in 1415, then he pushed down his caravelas the western coast of Africa. He was active on that coast which excluded traders from other countries in his long power period: 1415-1460. Exploration for overseas trade routes were started by the …………………… Kingdom in this period.

During the Colonial Age, European merchants became global carriers, meeting local requirements (demands/supply), and introducing new commodities –livestock (horse, pig, sheep, cattle), banana, peach, pear, turnip, citrus fruits, onion, honeybee, grains (wheat, barney, rice, oats), grape, sugar cane, coffee bean, cotton, (and also diseases) to Americas; maize/corn, turkey, cacao bean, tobacco, peppers, potato, tomato, peanut, pineapple to Europe, Africa, and Asia (tri-continents). What term is given to this transportation of plant and animal species by exploration to other continents?