Clinical Chemistry - Proteins | Super Survey Maker

What is the isoelectric point of an amino acid or protein?

The ability to carry both a positive and a negative charge

The pH at which a protein or amino acid becomes negatively charged

The pH at which a protein or amino acid carries no net charge

The folded structure of two or more peptides

Which statement about proteins is incorrect?

The type of linkage that forms a peptide bond is a covalent linkage

C-reactive protein is one kind of α-globulin

The secondary structure of a protein is formed by the binding of amino acids via the peptide bond

Proteins are synthesized in the liver and also by B-cells

What is the nonprotein component of a conjugated protein?

Apoprotein

Nitrogen group

Quaternary structure

Prosthetic group

A decrease in which serum protein is indicative of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

α1-antitrypsin

Ceruloplasmin

α-fetoprotein

Haptoglobin

A mother who is pregnant with twins or triplets may have an elevated level of which serum protein?

α-fetoprotein

Transferrin

α1-antitrypsin

Haptoglobin

Regarding albumin, which of the following statements is incorrect?

It is the most abundant plasma protein

It transports many substances

It is a negative acute phase reactant

It is involved in plasma oxidation and reduction reactions

Plasma proteins can perform all of the following functions except:

Buffering

Lipid emulsification

Iron and copper transport

Oxygen transport

A nonspecific response to inflammation that includes elevation of some plasma proteins and a decrease of others because of cytokine production is referred to as a(n)

Reduction reaction

Acute phase reaction

Cytokine response

Hypersensitivity reaction

Elevated serum total protein is usually seen in all of the following conditions except

End-stage renal disease

Severe diarrhea

Decreased water intake

Increased sweating and vomiting

Which plasma protein is elevated in iron deficiency anemia?

Ceruloplasmin

Haptoglobin

Transferrin

Albumin

Compared with healthy individuals, the urine total protein concentration of patients with end-stage renal disease is

The same

Elevated

Decreased

Undetectable

What is an important consideration to make when analyzing patient total protein levels from patients with end-stage renal disease?

Ensure patients are instructed to fast for 10-12 hours prior to specimen collection

Ensure the controls used in the protein assay cover the full range of expected patient protein levels

Ensure the standards used in the protein assay cover the full range of expected patient protein levels

Ensure the patient specimens are free of all interfering substances

Which of the following is correct in regards to transferrin?

It is a positive acute phase reactant

A decrease in maternal serum is indicative of spina bifida

Elevated levels are consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Concentration correlates well with patient iron status

At physiological pH (7.35-7.45), most serum proteins

Carry a positive charge

Carry a negative charge

Carry no net charge

Are insoluble

Which of the following is true of amino acids at a pH of 3?

C- and N- termini are deprotonated, resulting in a net negative charge (anion)

C- and N- termini are protonated, resulting in a net positive charge (cation)

C-terminus is protonated and N-terminus is deprotonated (zwitterion)

C-terminus is deprotonated and N-terminus is protonated (zwitterion)

What is an ampholyte?

A protein containing one or more prosthetic groups

An organic molecule containing both amino and carboxyl functional groups

An ionized molecule with both positively and negatively charged regions

A short (fewer than 10) chain of amino acids

What is the role of trichloroacetic acid in the turbidometric protein determination of a CSF specimen?

It is used as a diluent because CSF protein concentration is typically higher than the limits of linearity of common standards

It digests substances that may interfere with the assay

It allows for the accurate analysis of short specimens

It disrupts the folded structure of proteins, causing hydrophobic aggregation

Select all that apply to Waldenström's macroglobinemia

Which of the following support a diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

Protein electrophoresis can be used to diagnose which of the following

Multiple myeloma

Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance

Waldenström's macroglobinemia

Which disease is characterized by osteolytic bone lesions and plasmacytoma but no detectable M-protein in urine and serum IFE?

Asymptomatic multiple myeloma

Symptomatic multiple myeloma

Smoldering multiple myeloma

Non-secretory multiple myeloma

Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance

Elevated CRP is an indication of:

Identify each zone and name its major plasma protein

What is the best way to identify Bence-Jones proteins?

Unlike serum, the electrophoresis pattern of plasma shows a

Broad prealbumin peak

Sharp fibrinogen peak

Diffuse pattern due to interfering anticoagulants

Decreased globulin fraction

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is characterized by an increase in which of the following amino acids?

What is the major contributor to the biuret reaction?

Free amino groups

Free carboxyl groups

Peptide bonds

Deprotonated tyrosine residues

What is the fetal fibronectin test used to detect?

Neural tube defects

Phenylketonuria

Emphysema

Preterm labor

Which plasma protein is an acute phase reactant, inhibits enzymatic proteolysis, and is found in the highest concentration among protease inhibitors?

Which protein is normally produced by the fetus, but in elevated amounts in the amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida?

α-1 antitrypsin

α-fetoprotein

α-2 macroglobulin

Estradiol

Maternal serum concentration of α-fetoprotein may be elevated in all but which of the following

Neural tube defect

Spina bifida

Turner syndrom

Down syndrome

What method can be used to differentiate between several different amino acids?

Electrophoresis

Microbiological analysis

Enzyme immunoassay

Chromatography

What is the primary function of circulating albumin?

Enhance the ionization of calcium

Regulate colloidal osmotic pressure

Promote antigen activity of plasma proteins

Provide a neutral binding site for cell receptors

Which dye binds selectively with albumin?

Bromcresol green

Amido black

Ponceau S

Coomassie brilliant blue

Which part of the amino acid is not involved in the formation of peptide bonds?

Amino group

Carboxyl group

R-group

All of the above are involved in the formation of peptide bonds

Which of the following could cause soluble proteins to precipitate?

PH of the solution

Heavy metal salts

Organic solvents

All of the above

Which of the following disorders is not associated with elevated CSF protein?

Bacterial meningitis

Multiple sclerosis

Cerebral infarction

Hyperthyroidism

Which of the following binds hemoglobin to facilitate its removal?

Ceruloplasmin

Haptoglobin

Transferrin

Albumin

Bence Jones proteinuria is characterized by the urinary excretion of what type of light chain?

Either κ or λ

Both κ and λ

What protein is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma?

α-1 antitrypsin

α-fetoprotein

α-2 macroglobulin

Carcinoembryonic antigen

What could lead to a faulty interpretation of protein values obtained by refractometry?

Serum protein less than 3.5 g/dL or greater than 11 g/dL

Elevated urine sodium

Decreased serum glucose

All of the above

Which of the following will exhibit an increase in the serum of a second-trimester pregnant mother?

In an otherwise healthy 27 year old 2nd-trimester pregnant woman, daily protein excretion is calculated to be 250mg. Is this within normal limits?

Yes, because protein synthesis is increased and renal protein threshold is decreased during pregnancy

Yes, because renal tubules secrete greater amounts of Tamm-Horsfall protein into the urine during pregnancy

No; any protein excretion above normal (50-80 mg/day) indicates renal disease

No; protein excretion less than normal (~300 in pregnant women) is a sign of preeclampsia

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