PATHOLOGY QUIZ - CRASH COURSE

A 38 year old lady presents with a recent episode of renal colic. As part of her investigations the following results are obtained: Corrected Calcium: 3.84 mmol/l; PTH: 88pg/ml (increased). Her serum urea and electrolytes are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 12 year old child is admitted with a 12 hour history of colicky right upper quadrant pain. On examination the child is afebrile and is jaundiced. The abdomen is soft and non tender at the time of examination. What is the most likely cause?

A 2 day old baby is noted to have voiding difficulties and on closer inspection is noted to have hypospadias. Which of the following abnormalities is most commonly associated with the condition?

A 72 year old man presents with symptoms and signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following structures is most likely to be enlarged on digital rectal examination?

A 58 year old man has been suffering from mechanical back pain for several years. One morning he awakes from sleep and feels a sudden onset of pain in his back radiating down his left leg. Which of the following events is most likely to account for his symptoms?

An unusually tall 43 year old lady presents to the surgical clinic with bilateral inguinal hernias. She develops chest pain and collapses. As part of her investigations a chest x-ray shows evidence of mediastinal widening. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

A 53 year old man from Hong Kong presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight loss and recurrent epistaxis. Clinical examination reveals left sided cervical lymphadenopathy and oropharyngeal examination reveals an ulcerated mass in the naso pharynx. Which of the following viral agents is most commonly implicated in the development of this condition?

An 18 year old male presents with lethargy, night sweats and on examination is found to have left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. A surgical registrar performs a left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. The pathologist identifies Reed- Sternberg cells on the subsequent histology sections, what is the most likely diagnosis?

As a busy surgical trainee on the colorectal unit you are given the unenviable task of reviewing the unit's histopathology results for colonic polyps. Which of the polyp types described below has the greatest risk of malignancy?

A 56 year old surgeon has been successfully operating for many years. Over the past few weeks she has begun to notice that her hands are becoming blistering and weepy. A latex allergy is diagnosed. Which of the following pathological processes accounts for this scenario?

A 25-year-old woman with lupus has double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and a grade 3 glomerulonephritis. Which of the following most accurately describes the immunopathological process?

Granuloma is seen in which of the following conditions?

In an adult patient with cirrhosis, which of the following findings is the most reliably diagnostic of hereditary haemochromatosis as the cause?

A 22-year-old man presents with a long history of intermittent abdominal discomfort and diarrhoea. On examination, he has a body mass index of 19 kg/m2 and is clinically anaemic. Coeliac disease is suspected. Which of the following investigations will most reliably diagnose this condition?

A 49-year-old woman presents to her gynaecologist with CIN-3 changes. She has been reading on the Internet about how the human papillomavirus interferes with the programmed death of defective cells and may predispose to cancers.Which of the following protein names best identifies the DNA-binding protein with which the papillomavirus interferes?

Which of the following statements is true concerning kinins?

In a 20-year-old man, recurrent and/or severe infections with which of the following organisms would make you suspect immunodeficiency associated with hypogammaglobulinaemia?

Which is the characteristic finding on a blood film post splenectomy?

A 28 year old lady presents with benign cyclical mastalgia. Which of the following is not a recognised treatment for the condition?

A 56 year old man presents with lethargy, haematuria and haemoptysis. On examination he is hypertensive and has a left loin mass. A CT scan shows a lesion affecting the upper pole of the right kidney, it has a small cystic centre. Which of the options below is the most likely diagnosis?

A 34-year-old man is taken immediately to theatre with aortic dissection. You note he is tall with pectus excavatum and arachnodactyly. His condition is primarily due to a defect in which one of the following proteins?

Which of the following are not typical of Lynch syndrome?

A 64-year-old woman who is reviewed due to multiple non-healing leg ulcers. She reports feeling generally unwell for many months. Examination findings include a blood pressure of 138/72 mmHg, pulse 90 bpm, pale conjunctivae and poor dentition associated with bleeding gums. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

Which of the following statements about wound healing is false?

A 30-year-old woman presents with a lump in the right lobe of the thyroid. It is hard, non-tender and has rapidly increased in size. Her lymph nodes are enlarged. She has previously had radiotherapy to her neck. Histology shows Orphan Annie nuclei . The most likely tumour is?

An 18-year-old male presents with a left testicular lump. Which of the following tumour markers would be LEAST useful?

A 26-year-old man presents with a hard, non-tender lump in his left testicle. Both AFP and βHCG are raised. What is the most likely nature of the lump?

A 24 year old man from Sudan presents with a lymphadenopathy and weight loss. A diagnosis of tuberculosis is suspected and a lymph node biopsy is performed. Staining with which of the agents below is most likely to facilitate identification of the causative organism?

A 50-year-old female with a history of rheumatoid presents with a suspected septic knee joint. A diagnostic aspiration is performed and sent to microbiology. Which of the organisms below is most likely to be responsible?

Which of the following is not a feature of Campylobacter jejuni infection?

A 25-year old IVDU is admitted with an ulcer around the injection site in his groin and surrounding oedema. Over the next 24 hours he becomes acutely unwell and the ulcer develops a layer of black eshcar.What diagnosis do you need to consider?