Dental Research, Prof.Lay Vuthy pt1(51-100)
61. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies :
The research participants
The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study
The planned research procedures
All are corrects
51. You can manage your time and resources best, by:
Working out a timetable
Finding out what resources are readily available to you
Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
All are corrects
52. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?:
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the above
53. An operational definition is:
One that bears no relation to the underlying concept
An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures
One that refers to opera singers and their work
54. Closed ended questions are those that:
Have a fixed range of possible answers
Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category
Encourage detailed, elaborate responses
Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents
55. Which of the following statements is correct?:
Self-completion questionnaires are a type of postal survey
Postal surveys can include self-completion or email surveys
Self-completion questionnaires can include postal or email surveys
Email surveys are a type of postal questionnaire
56. An open question is one that:
Allows respondents to answer in their own terms
Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses
Can help to generate answers for closed questions
All of the above
57. Which of the following is a general rule of thumb for designing questions?:
Always bear in mind your research questions
Never ask a closed question
Always use vignettes rather than open questions
Use ambiguous terms to put respondents at ease
58. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
Identify the design of the study
Identify the intent or objective of the study
Specify the type of people to be used in the study
Describe the study
59. Computer database searches can be done:
With a computer with CD-ROM drive
At the library
Online
All of the above
60. A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally:
Is made prior to the literature review
Is made after the literature review
Is made after the literature review and Will help guide the research process
All of the above
62. What are the main characteristics of a Qualitative study?:
Exploring the reasons for people’s attitudes, experiences, behaviors and interactions.
Testing hypothesis
The results are described in number rather than words. I
Generating data that is representative of a given population.
63. What are the main characteristics of a Quantitative study?:
Exploring the reasons for people’s attitudes, experiences, behaviors and interactions.
The results are described in words rather than numbers.
Testing hypothesis.
The data cannot be representative of a given population.
64. Can we combine two study designs: qualitative and quantitative, in one single research?:
No
Yes
Only in case report
Only in Cross-sectional studies
65. Which of the following study designs is Qualitative study?:
Cohort study
Cross-sectional study
Interviews
Randomized Control Trial
66. Which of the following study designs is Quantitative study?:
Case report
Case-control study
Case series
Interviews
67. Which form(s) of bias that can occur in a research study?:
Observer bias
Confounding bias
Selection bias
Publication bias
All are corrects
68. When shall we do standardization?:
Before starting the actual study in order to minimize the impact of different clinical examiners
After Calibration
After Data Analysis
Any time during the study
69. Which of the following has the lowest “level of evidence”?:
Animal and Laboratory studies
Case reports or Case series
Cohort studies
Meta-analysis and/or Systematic reviews
Randomized controlled trial
70. Which of the following has the highest “level of evidence”?:
Animal and Laboratory studies
Case reports or Case series
Cohort studies
Meta-analysis and/or Systematic reviews
Randomized controlled trial
71. During “Data Processing”, we check if the questionnaires are acceptable or not. Which of the following situations when the questionnaires are NOT acceptable?:
Incomplete partially or fully
Biased or dishonest answer
Answered by a person who has inadequate knowledge
Manipulated
All are corrects
72. If the data set has some missing information/data, how could we manage the Missing Data?:
Substitute with code 0
Substitute with code 1
Leave blank
All above
73. During data processing step, we have to classify or group the statistical data by:?:
Discrete variables
Continuous variables
Ordinal variables
Nominal variables
All are corrects
74. You have the following hypothesis: “Frequent intake of cokes will increase the risk of dental erosion.”You decide that you will divide a group of patients who were seen at UHS dental clinic this year; and follow them for the next 10 years to observe the incidence of dental erosion. What the study design is it?:
Randomized Control Trial
Cross-sectional
Prospective cohort
Case-control
75. You have the following hypothesis: “Frequent intake of cokes will increase the risk of dental erosion.” You decide that you will compare frequency of cokes intake between patients who had dental erosion at UHS dental clinic in the last 3 years and those who did not have dental erosion. What the study design is it?:
Randomized Control Trial
Cross-sectional
Prospective cohort
Case-control
76. You have the following hypothesis: “Frequent intake of cokes will increase the risk of dental erosion.” You decide that you will survey a group of patients who were seen at UP dental clinic to know the frequency of their coke intake in the last 5 years, and also ask check if they have dental erosion. What the study design is it?:
Randomized Control Trial
Cross-sectional
Prospective cohort
Case-control
77. You have the following hypothesis: “Frequent intake of cokes will increase the risk of dental erosion.”You decide that you will Randomly allocate people who live in Phnom Penh: half to drink cokes often and the other half to not drink cokes at all. Then, follow them over the next 10 years to observe the incidence of dental erosion. What the study design is it?
Randomized Control Trial
Cross-sectional
Prospective cohort
Case-control
78. What is a Hypothesis?:
Generation and/or acquisition of new knowledge.
A cliam/argument about relationship between two or more variables that can be tested with data.
Queuries/problems/issues that the research is going to address.
A detailed description of a proposed study designed to investigate a given problem.
79. What is a Research Proposal?:
Generation and/or acquisition of new knowledge.
A cliam/argument about relationship between two or more variables that can be tested with data
Queuries/problems/issues that the research is going to address.
A detailed description of a proposed study designed to investigate a given problem.
80. What is a Research?:
Generation and/or acquisition of new knowledge.
A cliam/argument about relationship between two or more variables that can be tested with data
Queuries/problems/issues that the research is going to address.
A detailed description of a proposed study designed to investigate a given problem.
81. What is Research Questions?:
Generation and/or acquisition of new knowledge.
A cliam/argument about relationship between two or more variables that can be tested with data
Queuries/problems/issues that the research is going to address.
A detailed description of a proposed study designed to investigate a given problem.
82. Which of the following is characteristics of Hypothesis?:
Seeking for answer
Allow a wide range of outcomes
Predictive in nature
Can be used only in qualitative studies
83. Which of the following is characteristics of Research Question?:
Seeking for answer
Does not allow a wide range of outcomes
Predictive in nature
Can be used only in qualitative studies
84. Why do you need a Research Proposal?:
To give a clear outline of the objectives that you want to achieve through your project.
To show why is the intended research is important and effort-worthy.
To serve as a planning too.
To apply for funding
All are corrects
85. For Quantitative study, the Research Question?:
is exploratory in nature
is confirmatory in nature
usually begin with “how”
sometimes start with “why”
86. For Qualitative study, the Research Question?:
is exploratory in nature
is confirmatory in nature
usually compare between two or more things
sometimes address the relationship between two or more things
87. Which is the following research questions is Qualitative study?:
What are the experiences and perceptions of adolescents and young adults living with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI)
Is the application of (SDF) effective for (arresting caries in 6-12 year-old Cambodian children) as compared to SF varnish
What is the relationship between daily sugary intake and carie progression in primary-school children
What is the effect of daily Cola intake on tooth surface in adult Cambodian
88. Which is the following research questions is Quantitative study?:
What are the experiences and perceptions of adolescents and young adults living with Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI)
Is the application of (SDF) effective for (arresting caries in 6-12 year-old Cambodian children) as compared to SF varnish
What are the patients' reactions on being diagnosed with peri-implantitis
What are their opinions on dental implant therapy and expectations on treatment of the disease….
89. What is Reliability?:
Refers to how close the results of a study are to the truth
Refers to the degrees to which multiple assessment of a subject agree
Refers to measurement to tell how well the investigators agree
Refers to the value of significant level
90. What is Validity?:
Refers to how close the results of a study are to the truth
Refers to the degrees to which multiple assessment of a subject agree
Refers to measurement that provide about how well the investigators agree
Refers to the value of significant level
91. What is Calibration?:
Refers to how close the results of a study are to the truth
Refers to the degrees to which multiple assessment of a subject agree
Refers to measurement that tell how well the investigators agree
Refers to the value of significant level
92. What is Referencing?:
An acknowledgement that you have used the ideas and written material belonging to other authors in your own work
A numbering system across the written article
A collection of facts
A library of Endnote
93. Why do you should reference?:
To increase the word count of your article
To show that you did a lot of reading
To show that your writing is based on knowledge and ensure that anyone reading your work can trace the source you have used
To fulfill requirement of a journal editor
94. What is the difference between Reference and Bibliography?:
Reference includes unpublished data
Bibliography can include unpublished data and or all items that you have consulted for your work
Bibliography is listed in alphabetical order, but reference is not listed in numerical order
There is no different between Bibliography and Reference
95. What is Data?:
A collection of number
A collection of facts or figures
A collection of questionnaires
A library of statistical results
96. What is PICO framework used for?
To analyse the data
To generate a good research question
To be included in the conclusion
To be included in the literature review section
97. Which type of study assesses the efficacy of the treatment intervention in a controlled, standardized, and highly monitored setting and usually among highly selected samples of patients?
randomized controlled trial
case series
sensitivity analysis
cost‐benefit analysis
98. In which type of study does the investigator use information already collected to look for associations?:
retrospective study
prospective study
historical study
survey study
99. In which type of study does the investigator identify a group of individuals and thenobserve them for a specified period after study initiation? :
retrospective study
prospective study
meta‐analysis
diagnostic test study
100. Case‐control studies are always
prospective
retrospective
cross sectional
experimental
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