General Pharmacology Quiz Part 2 
By:Mohamed Mamdouh

The bioavailability of a drug is influenced by
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Absorption
Which route of administration Completely bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver?
Oral
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
The first-pass metabolism mainly occurs in which organ?
Liver
Kidney
Lung
Heart
Which route of drug administration provides the most rapid onset of action?
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intravenous
Oral
The bioavailability of a drug is defined as:
The percentage of the drug absorbed through the skin
The fraction of the administered dose reaching the systemic circulation
The rate of drug metabolism in the liver
The amount of drug excreted in the urine
The phenomenon where a drug binds to proteins in the bloodstream, reducing its availability for absorption, is known as:
First-pass metabolism
Protein binding
Bioavailability
Enterohepatic circulation
Which of the following factors can affect drug absorption through the skin in transdermal drug delivery?
Skin thickness
Blood flow to the skin
Drug concentration in the formulation
All of the above
Which of the following statements about the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is true?
It facilitates the entry of most drugs into the brain
It is impermeable to water-soluble drugs
It is primarily formed by fenestrated capillaries
It is more permeable in the neonatal period
Which of the following administration routes allows drug absorption through the lungs?
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Inhalation
Subcutaneous
What is the primary mechanism of drug absorption in the stomach?
Active transport
Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Endocytosis
Which of the following can enhance drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract?
High molecular weight of the drug
Presence of efflux transporters
Co-administration with food
Decreased surface area for absorption
Which of the following factors plays a significant role in determining the rate of drug absorption?
Volume of distribution
Clearance
Blood-brain barrier permeability
Lipid solubility
The blood-brain barrier is a selective barrier that limits the distribution of drugs into which organ?هلاليات:)
Liver
Kidneys
Brain
Lungs
Form of drug in blood is inactive, non diffusible, cannot be metabolized or excreted.
Free fraction
Metabolizable form
Excretable form
Bound fraction
Form of drug in blood is active, diffusible and can be metabolized and excreted.
Bound fraction
Free fraction
Non diffusible form
Non metabolized form
Which of the following factors affect distribution of drugs
Blood Flow
Tissue binding
Binding to plasma proteins
All of the above
Which of the following areas have the least blood flow in drug distribution
Kidney
Liver
Muscles
Brain
Thiopental is a fat soluble drug stored in
Bones
Adipose tissue
Kidney
Glands
Tetracycline is an antibiotic drug stored in
Bones
Adipose (fat) tissue
Kidney
Glands
When 2 drugs with high plasma bounded concentration is given together Which of the following is expected to occur
Potentiation
Displacement
Synergism
Summation
Drugs cross placental barrier by
Active transport
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Teratogenicity can be Caused by
Morphine
Drugs given in 3“ to 10" week of pregnancy
Oral anticoagulants
Oral hypoglycemics
Respiratory depression (asphyxia neonatorum) in fetus can be caused by
Morphine
Oral anticoagulants
Oral hypoglycemics
Drugs given in 3“ to 10" week of pregnancy
Fatal hemorrhage in the newborn can be caused by
Morphine
Oral anticoagulants
Oral hypoglycemics
Drugs given in 3“ to 10" week of pregnancy
Prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia can be caused by
Morphine
Oral anticoagulants
Oral hypoglycemics
Drugs given in 3“ to 10" week of pregnancy
Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?
Heart
Kidneys
Liver
Lungs
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting drug metabolism?
Age
Sex
Blood type
Genetics
The term "prodrug" refers to a drug that:
Requires a prescription
Is administered by injection
Is inactive until metabolized in the body
S derived from natural sources
Which of the following is an example of an enzyme inducer in drug metabolism?
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Rifampin
Fluconazole
The process of drug elimination involves both metabolism and
Absorption
Distribution
Excretion
Receptor binding
Which of the following factors can influence drug metabolism in elderly individuals?
Increased liver function
Decreased kidney function
Faster drug clearance
Enhanced enzymatic activity
What is the primary organ responsible for the excretion of most drugs and their metabolites?
Liver
Intestines
Kidneys
Lungs
Which renal process is responsible for the active secretion of drugs from the blood into the renal tubules?
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Filtration
Tubular secretion
Which of the following is a primary route of drug excretion?
Feces
Sweat
Urine
Saliva
The term "half-life" of a drug is most closely associated with which pharmacokinetic parameter?
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
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