VMCB 121 LE1 (LEC) Topic 1-2

The earliest forms of life resembled aerobic bacteria.

In 1878, the term microbe was first used by:

The first person to use the observe microorganisms using a simple microscope was:

Antony van Leeuwenhoek was able to observe different shapes of bacteria, such as cocci, bacilli, and spirochetes.

The hypothetical process by which organisms develop from nonliving matter, thereby explaining the origin of life.

Jean Baptiste van Helmont proposed that maggots appeared in the open jar with meat, but not in the gauze-covered and sealed jars.

The other name for spontaneous generation is abiogenesis.

The Father of Microbiology is

Louis Pasteur disproved the Spontaneous Generation Theory through the use of swan-necked bottles.

All of these are Louis Pasteur's contributions EXCEPT:

Endospores were discovered by:

Doctors under his supervision was forced to wash their hands before touching patients.

Pasteur studied anthrax while Koch studied tuberculosis.

Robert Koch's Postulates are (check all postulates):

Koch's phenomenon describes the exaggerated response exhibited by an infected patient when injected with more pathogen.

All of these are Robert Koch's contributions EXCEPT

The common features of eukaryotes and prokaryotes are (check all that apply):

Viruses are covered in a protein coat called the phospholipid bilayer.

Viruses consist only of:

A virus is a single-celled organism but lacks some cellular machinery.

The specific type of cells a virus can infect in its host species represents the:

The viral taxonomy is named as (answer in descending order):

These are circular, single-stranded RNAs without a protein coat that mostly target plants.

Prion diseases are also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

Prions are resistant to chemical and physical treatments, yet are vulnerable to inactivation by heat, formaldehyde, and UV.

Prions are encoded by multiple cellular genes.

Prion diseases in animals include:

The nutritional requirements for microbial growth include:

The macronutrients required by bacteria in highest quantities are carbon, nitrogen, and water.

Lithotrophs and organotrophs are the two classifications based on carbon source.

Chemotrophs gather energy through:

Rate of enzyme reactions increase with higher temperatures.

The most important factor for microbial growth, survival, and death is:

The lowest temperature at which organisms will grow would be

At a very low temperature, cells will die.

Match the classification according to temperature and their optimal ranges.

When classified according to temperature, ____ are the most common and are pathogenic to humans.

Hyperthermophiles survive by use of high levels of saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane.

The optimum pH for microbial growth is

The minimum pH for most bacteria is 4, while the maximum is 9.

The optimum pH for molds and yeasts is 5-6.

The two principal gases that affect the growth of microbial cells are:

Standard air atmosphere contains 25% O2.

Tolerant anaerobes can use oxygen for fermentation.

Facultative anaerobes do not require oxygen for growth, but may use it for energy throigh:

All of these are physical requirements for microbial growth EXCEPT:

When microbes are introduced to a culture medium, they are called an

A basic component of culture media described as a mix of partially-digested proteins.

Meat extract in culture media can be substituted by:

Liquid media is comprised of peptone, NaCl, and:

In solid (1.5-2%) and semi-solid (<0.5%) media, agar acts as the solidifying agent.

The common ingredient in complex media is:

These are all examples of basal media except:

Streptococci, pneumococci, and Haemophilus are best cultured in:

Enrichment media differs from selective media in terms of the physical state; enrichment media is usually liquid.

Match the differential media examples to the characteristics they are able to differentiate

If a bacterial culture is able to grow on MacConkey agar, it is most likely:

A bacterial colony has lactose fermenting properties and is colored pink on what agar medium?

All of these are examples of transport media except:

An example of anaerobic media would be:

The quadrant streak plate method is used for the isolation of bacterial colonies.

The lawn culture method is prepared by lightly smearing the agar slant with an inoculation loop in a zigzag pattern.

The preferred method of creating anaerobic media, the Gaspak, is available in the form of:

In the Mcintosh-Filde's Anaerobic Jar, a successful anaerobiosis is indicated by:

Freeze drying involves quickly freezing a suspension of microbes through sublimation. This is also known as: