Dental_research_Vorn_Vutha(151-192)
151. Empirical Consequences are:?
Statements that reflect a research question
Verification of Results
Observable or relying on experiences
Orderly, controlled plans
152. What type of epidemiological study is designed to determine the relationship between a condition and a characteristic shared by some members of a group?
Prospective
Retrospective
Experimental
Analysis
153. Each member in the population has an equal chance of being selected:?
Random Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Convenience Sampling
154. The number of new cases of a specific disease within a defined population over a period of time is what:?
Prevalence
Incidence
Rate
Proportion
155. Which is the effect or result of an experiment?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Discrete variable
Nominal variable
156. Before and after studies for preventive measures are what:?
Clinical trials
Field trials
Demonstration studies
Analysis studies
157. Systemic water fluoridation will reduce caries in school children by 30%. What is the independent variable?
Systemic water fluoridation
Caries
School children
30%
158. Discrete data is qualitative in nature. Continuous data is quantitative in nature.?
Both statements are true
Both statements are false
The first statement is true, the second is false
The first statement is false, the second is true
159. Females and males are examples of what kind of data?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
160. Height and weight are an example of what kind of data:?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
161. What type of sample has the least bias?
Random
Stratified
Systematic
Judgment
Convenience
162. What is the most powerful type of data?
Nominal
Ratio
Ordinal
Interval
163. Characteristic or condition that changes or has different values for different people?
Validity
Variable
Sample
Parameter
164. Variable with infinite number of values, only limited by measurement tool?
Interquartile range
Continuous variable
Frequency table
Quantitative variable
165. Uses NUMBERS to describe phenomenon. Output is discrete or continuous?
Inferencial statistics
Qualitative variable
Continuous variable
Quantitative variable
166. Outcome or response observed?
Discrete variable
Standard deviation
Independent variable
Dependent variable
167. The most frequently occurring number is a set of values called the:?
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
168. What is the range for following dataset? (14, 23, 9, 12. 21, 18, 8)?
9
14
15
25
169. Which of the following constitutes discrete variables?
Student’s top typing speed.
An athlete’s body temperature after exercise.
Favourite animal among children.
Number of reported crimes in one week
170. A Type II error occurs when the researcher:?
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true.
Reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
Reject the null hypothesis when it is true.
171. Hypothesis refers to?
The outcome of an experiment
A conclusion drawn from an experiment
A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
A tentative statement about the relationship
172. Statistics is used by researchers to?
Analyze the empirical data collected in a study
Make their findings sound better
Operationally define their variables
Ensure the study comes out the way it was intended
173. A literature review requires?
Planning
Good & clear writing
Lot of rewriting
All of the above
174. A literature review is based on the assumption that?
Copy from the work of others
Knowledge accumulates and learns from the work of others
Knowledge disaccumulates
None of the above option
175. Which of the following statement is not true?
A research proposal is a document that presents a plan for a project
A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully conducting the proposed research project
A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research project
176. Preliminary data collection is a part of the?
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Applied research
Explanatory research
177. Conducting surveys is the most common method of generating?
Primary data
Secondary data
Qualitative data
None of the above
178. After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning in theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is?
To conduct surveys
To generate the hypothesis
To focus group discussions
To use experiments in an investigation
179. The appropriate analytical technique is determined by?
The research design
Nature of the data collected
Nature of the hypothesis
The research design and Nature of the data collected
180. Personal interviews conducted in shopping malls are known as:?
Mall interviews
Mall intercept interviews
Brief interviews
None of the given options
181. A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the questions and records the answers himself is known as the:?
Interview schedule
Questionnaire
Interview guide
All of the given options
182. The number of questionnaires returned or completed divided by the total number of eligible people who were contacted or asked to participate in the survey is called the:?
Response rate
Participation rate
Inflation rate
None of the given options
183. A small scale trial run of a particular component is known as:?
Pilot testing
Pre-testing
Lab experiments
Pilot testing and Pre-testing
184. Field testing of the questionnaire shows that:?
Respondents are willing to co-operate
Respondents are not willing to co-operate
Respondents do not like any participation
All of the given options
185. Which one of the following sets is the measure of central tendency?
Mean, standard deviation, mode
Mean, median, standard deviation
Arithmetic mean, median, mode
Standard deviation, internal validity, mode
186. Internal validity refers to ?
Researcher’s degree of confidence.
Generalizability
Operationalization
All of the above
187. How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of ………….?
Intensity
Space
Frequency
Direction
188. Discrete variable is also called……….?
Categorical variable
Discontinuous variable
Categorical variable and Discontinuous variable
None of the above
189. Officers in my organization have higher than average level of commitment ” Such a hypothesis is an example of……….?
Descriptive Hypothesis
Directional Hypothesis
Relational Hypothesis
All of the above
190. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of scientific method?
Deterministic
Rationalism
Empirical
Abstraction
191. The theoretical framework discusses the interrelationships among the……….?
Variables
Hypothesis
Concept
Theory
192. ………research is based on naturalism.?
Field research
Descriptive research
Basic research
Applied research
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