Relative anatomical positions (anterior, posterior, deep, superficial, etc.) Movement relative to gravity (GR/AG, GE, GA) Osteokinematic motions Axes and planes of motion Types of motion (rectilinear, curvilinear, angular) Newton’s 3 Laws (explanations and examples) Levers: - Classes and what they favor - Examples (real world and anatomical) - Purpose - Equation for calculating force Lumbopelvic rhythm Pelvic motion Joints: Types and characteristics of joints Spinal facet orientation and the effect on motion Muscles: Characteristics of muscles with fiber arrangements Definition and characteristics of 2-joint muscles Agonist, antagonist, synergist, co-contractor, force couple Types of contractions Line of pull Force couples of the trunk

What is the term for a body part that is closer to the midline of the body?
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Which of the following terms describes a body part that is located towards the front of the body?
Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Inferior
Which of the following terms describes a body part that is located towards the back of the body?
Posterior
Anterior
Superior
Inferior
Which of the following terms describes a body part that is located further away from the surface of the body?
Deep
Superficial
Proximal
Distal
Which of the following terms describes a body part that is located closer to the surface of the body?
Superficial
Deep
Proximal
Distal
Which of the following terms describes a type of motion that occurs in a straight line?
Rectilinear
Curvilinear
Angular
Circular
Which of the following terms describes a type of motion that occurs along a curved path?
Curvilinear
Rectilinear
Angular
Circular
Which of the following terms describes a type of motion that involves rotation around an axis?
Angular
Rectilinear
Curvilinear
Circular
Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force.
True
False
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass.
True
False
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
True
False
Which class of levers has the fulcrum located between the effort force and the resistance force?
First-class
Second-class
Third-class
Which class of levers has the resistance force located between the fulcrum and the effort force?
Second-class
First-class
Third-class
Which class of levers has the effort force located between the fulcrum and the resistance force?
Third-class
First-class
Second-class
Which of the following is an example of a first-class lever in the human body?
Head nodding
Elbow flexion
Knee extension
Ankle plantarflexion
Which of the following is an example of a second-class lever in the human body?
Standing on tiptoes
Shoulder abduction
Hip flexion
Wrist extension
Which of the following is an example of a third-class lever in the human body?
Biceps curl
Hip adduction
Shoulder external rotation
Ankle inversion
Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Which type of joint is found between the bones of the skull?
Fibrous
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Which type of joint is found between the vertebrae of the spine?
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous
The orientation of spinal facet joints affects the range of motion in the spine.
True
False
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement allows for greater force production but less range of motion?
Pennate
Parallel
Circular
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement allows for greater range of motion but less force production?
Parallel
Pennate
Circular
Two-joint muscles are capable of producing movement at both joints they cross.
True
False
An agonist muscle is responsible for initiating and controlling a specific movement.
True
False
An antagonist muscle opposes the action of the agonist muscle.
True
False
A synergist muscle assists the agonist muscle in producing a specific movement.
True
False
A co-contractor muscle contracts at the same time as the agonist muscle to provide joint stability.
True
False
Isometric contractions involve muscle contraction without any change in muscle length.
True
False
Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening while generating force.
True
False
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