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Question 1

A Genetic studies show that dogs evolved from wolves and remain as similar to the creatures

from which they came as humans with different physical characteristics are to each

other, which is to say not much different at all.

'Even in the most changeable mitochondrial DNA markers - DNA handed down on the mother's side - dogs and wolves differ by not much more than one per cent,'says Robert Wayne, a geneticist at the University of California at Los Angeles.

B Wolf-like species go back one to

C Why would these competitors cooperate?

The answer probably lies in the similar social

structure and size of wolf packs and early

human clans, the compatibility of their

hunting objectives and range, and the

willingness of humans to accept into camp the

most suppliant wolves, the young or less

threatening ones.

D Certain wolves or protodogs may have worked

their way close to the fire ring after smelling

something good to eat, then into early human

gatherings by proving helpful or

unthreatening. As wandering packs of twentyfive

or thirty wolves and clans of likenumbered

nomadic humans roamed the

landscape in tandem, hunting big game, the

animals hung around campsites scavenging

leftovers, and the humans might have used the

wolves'superior scenting ability and speed to

locate and track prospective kills. At night,

wolves with their keen senses could warn

humans of danger approaching.