Gen Path 1, Session 1: Genome, Cellular Housekeeping

1. What percentage of DNA is non-coding?

8.5%

1.5%

60.5%

98.5%

2. Transposons are also known as:

Transfer genetic element

Mobile genetic element

Moveable genetic element

Motile genetic element

3. In terms of chromosome banding, where are most genes located?

Periband areas

Contraband areas

Interband areas

Intraband areas

4. The characteristic banding pattern of chromatids is attributed to:

Relative CT content

Relative GA content

Relative GC content

Relative CA content

5. DNA-histone complexes are known as:

Heterochromatin

Nucleosomes

Euchromatin

Chromatin

6. Which two amino acids can be methylated by chromatin writer enzymes?

Tyrosine, asparagine

Serine, threonine

Cysteine, leucine

Arginine, lysine

7. Which one of the following is true regarding copy number variations (CNVs)?

Consist of large contiguous stretches of DNA

75% of CNVs involve gene coding sequences

They are less than 1000 base pairs in size

They are always biallelic

8. What is the term for the situation in which an SNP is co-inherited with a disease-causing gene?

Nexus counterpart

Linkage disequilibrium

Interface imbalance

Junctional counterbalance

9. Each octamer of histone consists of two each of the following molecules: H2A, H2B, H3, and:

H2C

H3A

10. Histone H1 is associated with what type of DNA:

Coupler

Connector

Linker

Joiner

11. What is typically the result of DNA methylation?

No effect

Transcriptional silencing OR activation

Transcriptional silencing

Transcriptional activation

12. Where is pri-miRNA processed to pre-miRNA?

Nucleus

Golgi

Cytosol

Mitochondria

13. What type of RNA is associated with the RISC?

MiRNA

RRNA

TRNA

LncRNA

14. What lncRNA plays a role in X-linked inactivation?

XORT

XIST

XUME

XITT

15. How many nucleotides long (on average) is miRNA?

174

16. What type of lnc-RNA can suppress transcription?

Bait lncRNA

Trap lncRNA

Decoy lncRNA

Snare lncRNA

17. What membrane lipid "flips" from the intracellular to extracellular face of the cell membrane during apoptosis?

Phosphatidylarginine

Phosphatidylproline

Phosphatidylethreonine

Phosphatidylserine

18. What is the structure of the component of transmembrane proteins that traverse the lipid bilayer?

Hydrophilic beta-helix

Hydrophobic alpha-helix

Hydrophobic beta-helix

Hydrophilic alpha-helix

19. What is the name given to caveolae-mediated endocytosis?

Podocytosis

Macropinocytosis

Potocytosis

Pinocytosis

20. What is the maximum size a polar molecule can be that allows it to diffuse across the cell membrane?

120 daltons

15 daltons

55 daltons

75 daltons

21. What protein coats the cytoplasmic invaginations that form during pinocytosis?

Cadherin

Catenin

Clathrin

Calbindin

22. What is a "macula adherens" also known as?

Tight junction

Belt desmosome

Hemidesmosome

Spot desmosome

23. What is the diameter of microtubules?

5-9 nm

10 nm

40 nm

25 nm

24. Which of the following is true regarding actin formation?

Filaments of G actin polymerize into fibrils of F actin

Fibrils of G actin polymerize into filaments of F actin

Fibrils of F actin polymerize into filaments of G actin

Filaments of F actin polymerize into fibrils of G actin

25. What amino acids are the sugar moieties of N-linked oligosaccharides attached to?

Threonine

Histidine

Serine

Asparagine

26. What is the name for the pore component of gap junctions?

Connectins

Connexons

Connexins

Connexions

27. If a nascent peptide has no signal sequence, where will it be synthesized?

Rough ER

Cytosol

Golgi

Smooth ER

28. As well as a low pH, what factor causes gap junctions to become less permeable to substances?

Low intracellular magnesium

High intracellular potassium

High intracellular calcium

Low intracellular sodium

29. What enzymes tag senescent/denatured proteins with ubiquitin?

E1, E2, E3 ubiquitin ligase

D1, D2, D3 ubiquitin ligase

C1, C2, C3 ubiquitin ligase

B1, B2, B3 ubiquitin ligase

30. What residue are lysosomal enzymes tagged with after synthesis in the ER, to ensure their delivery to the lysosomes?

M6P

D8H

Q5R

A3T

Gen Path 1, Session 1: Genome, Cellular Housekeeping

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