Psychology midterm 4

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme (endonuclease)?
A. The amydgala
B. The frontal lobes
C. The temporal lobes
D. The hippocampus
Studies show that the memory-processing center linked with the brain's emotional circuitry is vulnerable to stress-related damage, such as severe trauma and PTSD. This center is the
A. hypothalamus.
B. Left frontal lobe.
C. hippocampus.
D. Basal ganglia.
Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.
A. panic; agoraphobia
B. depression; compulsion
C. panic; phobia
D. obsession; compulsion
Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to the development of
A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B. Bipolar disorder.
C. Generalized anxiety disorders.
D. schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia that develops rapidly, seemingly as a reaction to stress, is called ________ schizophrenia and is associated with __________positive symptoms.
A. acute; more
B. chronic; fewer
C. process; more
D. reactive; fewer
Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the ________ of inappropriate behaviors, and negative symptoms are the ________ of appropriate behaviors.
A. absence; absence
B. presence; presence
C. absence; presence
D. presence; absence
After a fight with her romantic partner, Sarah intentionally used cigarettes to inflict painful but non-life-threatening burns on her arms. Her behavior best illustrates
A. An obsession.
B. A manic episode.
C. non-suicidal self-injury.
D. Major depressive disorder.
Which area of the brain plays an important role in emotion regulation and is underactive in many psychological disorders?
A. The parietal lobe
B. The frontal lobe
C. The occipital lobe
D. The temporal lobe
He most common symptoms of ________ are a pounding heart, rapid breathing, breathlessness, and a choking sensation. The person may also sweat, tremble, and feel terrified.
A. Generalized anxiety disorder
B. Bipolar disorder
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder
D. A panic attack
The social-cognitive perspective has emphasized that depression is perpetuated by
A. A dysfunctional hippocampus.
B. Underactivity of the frontal lobe.
C. epigenetics.
D. self-blaming attributions.
A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance that
A. Is biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.
B. Represents a significant disturbance in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors.
C. Is aggressive, persistent, and intentional.
D. Is selfish, habitual, and avoidable.
He positive symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to be due to increased numbers of receptors for _________.
A. dopamine
B. testosterone
C. norepinephrine
D. serotonin
Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?
A. The night before his final exam, Bill is unable to sleep because he is worried about doing well on the test
B. For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe.
C. Seth is upset because his girlfriend told him she wants to start dating other guys, and he is afraid that she will break up with him.
D. Barbara has just found out that her company has been sold, and she is very worried that she might lose her job.
In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
A. Major depressive disorder
B. Persistent depressive disorder
C. Bipolar disorder
D. phobia
For the last month, Gabrielle has felt lethargic and has been unable to get out of bed in the morning. She has withdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Gabrielle is most likely suffering from
A. Generalized anxiety disorder.
B. Antisocial personality disorder.
C. Bipolar disorder.
D. Major depressive disorder.
PET studies examining energy use in the brains of individuals with bipolar disorder have found _______ levels of brain activity during depressed episodes and ________ levels of brain activity during manic episodes.
A. lower; higher
B. lower; lower
C. higher; higher
D. higher; lower
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of __________.
A. ADHD
B. Bipolar disorder
C. PTSD
D. OCD
Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by
A. Disorganized thinking and disturbed perceptions.
B. Multiple personalities.
C. Impulsive violence and criminal behavior.
D. A lack of remorse.
Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of
A. phobias.
B. depression.
C. obsessions.
D. compulsions.
Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with
A. Attention deficit disorder.
B. PTSD.
C. mania.
D. depression.
Adrian Raine's study of impulsive and calculating murders found that both kinds of murderers had abnormal _______ activity, but only impulsive murderers had abnormal _________ activity.
A. amygdala; prefrontal
B. hippocampal; temporal
C. Basal ganglia; amygdala
D. prefrontal; basal ganglia
Which of the following statements about personality disorders is NOT TRUE?
A. Their symptoms can overlap a lot, making diagnosis difficult.
B. They are commonly treated with SSRIs.
C. They are thought to be due to rigid, inflexible personalities.
D. They are difficult to treat with drugs.
Which personality disorder is marked by fear of abandonment, unstable personal relationships, and dramatic or impulsive behaviors?
A. Antisocial personality disorder
B. Borderline personality disorder
C. Narcissistic personality disorder
D. Avoidant personality disorder
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible, enduring, and socially maladaptive behavior patterns are called ________ disorders.
A. personality
B. affective
C. dissociative
D. mood
Which of the following IS NOT a Cluster B personality disorder?
A. Schizotypal
B. Antisocial
C. Borderline
D. Anti-social
Professor Solera studies personality disorders and is most interested in people who are self-focused and exaggerate their own importance. Professor Solera is studying people with ________ personality disorder.
A. avoidant
B. borderline
C. antisocial
D. narcissistic
Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?
A. Cognitive therapy
B. Exposure therapy
C. Systematic desensitization
D. client-centered therapy
Prozac is an antidepressant drug that partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of ________ from synapses.
A. glutamate
B. GABA
C. serotonin
D. dopamine
Systematic desensitization is a form of ________, which is a type of ________.
A. counterconditioning; behavior therapy
B. Stress inoculation training; biomedical therapy
C. transference; interpersonal psychotherapy
D. Free association; cognitive therapy
Which of the following drugs has been found to be effective in treating the manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder?
A. Prozac
B. Adderall
C. Xanex
D. Lithium
In addition to their use in treating depression, antidepressant drugs are now being used to treat
A. Attention deficit disorder.
B. Borderline personality disorder. B. Borderline personality disorder.
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D. schizophrenia.
Reducing patients' anxiety by having them repeatedly experience in safe settings the things they fear and often avoid is most central to
A. Aversive conditioning.
A. Aversive conditioning.
C. Exposure therapies.
D. psychoanalysis.
The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by
A. Humanistic therapies.
B. Behavior therapies
C. Psychodynamic therapy.
D. Cognitive therapies.
Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?
A. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
B. Deep brain stimulation
C. Cognitive behavior therapy
D. Lithium carbonate
In which approach to therapy do psychotherapists expect that patients are often motivated to resist discussing anxiety-laden material?
A. Humanistic therapy
B. psychoanalysis
C. Cognitive therapy
D. Behavior therapy
A token economy represents an application of the principles of
A. Operant conditioning.
B. Humanistic therapy.
C. Classical conditioning.
D. Systematic desensitization.
A goal of humanistic therapies like that of Rogers is to:
A. Uncover unconscious conflicts.
B. Change specific behaviors.
C. Make the real and ideal selves more similar.
D. Understand which situations trigger negative thoughts.
Antianxiety drugs are most likely to be used in combination with exposure therapy to treat
A. phobias.
B. Antisocial personality disorder.
C. depression.
D. Bipolar disorder.
The treatment of serious psychological disorders with prescribed medications or medical procedures that directly influence the nervous system is called
A. Systematic desensitization.
B. Biomedical therapy.
C. Psychodynamic therapy.
D. cognitive-behavioral therapy
Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?
A. Antipsychotic drugs
B. Antidepressant drugs
C. Antipsychotic drugs
D. Antianxiety drugs
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