A patient has 2.5 mmol/l calcium and 30 g/l albumin, what is his/her adjustment calcium level:

Which action of parathyroid hormone occurs via vitamin D3:

Bone resorption of Ca

Bone mineralisation of Ca

Increased intestinal absorption of Ca

Increased renal reabsorption of Ca

Decreased renal reabsorption of Ca

If calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH also low. What ate most likely possibilities?

Vitamin D deficiency, post thyroidal surgery

Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery

Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism

Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism

Vitamin D deficiency, magnesium deficiency

Which of the following test(s) is/are used in monitoring of diabetes mellitus:

The best laboratory investigations for DKA include:

Venous blood gases, serum chloride, cholesterol, potassium, sodium, urea and creatinine, urine glucose and ketones. Creatinine can be falsely elevated

Arterial blood gases, serum chloride, cholesterol, potassium, sodium, urea and creatinine. Urine glucose and ketones. Creatinine can be falsely elevated

Venous blood gases, serum chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, sodium, urea and creatinine. Urine glucose and ketones. Creatinine can be falsely elevated

Arterial blood gases, serum chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, sodium, urea and creatinine. Urine glucose and ketones. Potassium can be falsely elevated

Arterial blood gases, serum chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, sodium, urea and creatinine, urine glucose and ketones. Creatinine can be falsely elevated

Reduced insulin can result in:

Decreased glucose transport to tissues gives hyperglycaemia/glycosuria, causes increased lipolysis, ketonemia/ketonuria. Osmotic diuresis causes loss of Na/Mg and dehydration, giving renal uraemia

Increased glucose transport to tissues gives hyperglycemia/glycosuria, causes increased lipolysis, ketonemia/ketonuria. Osmotic diuresis causes loss of Na/Mg and dehydration, giving renal uraemia

Decreased glucose transport to tissues gives hypoglycaemia/glycosuria, causes increased lipolysis, ketonemia/ketonuria. Osmotic diuresis cases loss of Na/Mg and dehydration, giving renal uraemia

Increased glucose transport to tissues gives hypoglycaemia/glycosuria, causes increased lipolysis, ketonemia/ketonuria. Osmotic diuresis causes loss of Na/Mg and dehydration, giving renal uraemia

Decreases glucose transport to tissues gives hypoglycaemia/glycosuria, causes decreased lipolysis, ketonemia/ketonuria. Osmotic diuresis causes loss of Na/Mg and dehydration, giving renal uraemia

Impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) is diagnosed when:

2 hours post load glucose is <7.0 mmol/l

2 hours post load glucose is 7.8-11mmol/l

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is > 7.0 mmol/l

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is 6.0-6.9 mmol/l

Von Willebrand disease has the following characteristic:

AIncreased activity of von Willebrand factor and gives decreased ability to form fibrin clots

Missing or defective von Willebrand factor and gives increased likelihood of fibrin clots

Missing or defective von Willebrand factor and gives disseminated intravascular coagulation

Missing or defective von Willebrand factor and gives decreased ability to form fibrin clots

Increased activity of von Willebrand factor and gives increase likelihood of fibrin clots

Disseminated intravascular coagulation most often gives rise to:********?

Thrombocytosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, bleeding, microvascular thrombosis, organ failure

Thrombocytopenia, coagulation factor deficiency, bleeding, reduced fibrin clots, organ failure

Thrombocytosis, coagulation factor deficiency, bleeding, microvascular thrombosis, organ failure

Thrombocytopenia, coagulation factor deficiency, bleeding, microvascular thrombosis, organ failure

Thrombocytopenia, vitamin B12 deficiency, bleeding microvascular thrombosis, organ failure

High APTT is found with: (hep = heparin treatment)

Von Willebrand disease, sepsis, splenectomy, heparin treatment, DIC

Myeloproliferative disorders, normal pregnancy, anti-phospholipid syndrome, hep., DIC

Myeloproliferative disorders, sepsis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, hep., DIC

Essential thrombocythemia, normal pregnancy, ani-phospholipid syndrome, hep., DIC

Von Willebrand disease, sepsis, anti-phospholipid syndrome, hep., DIC

High prothrombin time is found with:

Warfarin treatment, chronic liver disease, vitamin K malabsorption, sepsis, DIC

Warfarin treatment, antiphospholipid syndrome, vitamin K malabsoprtion, sepsis, DIC

Warfarin treatment, von Willebrand disease, normal pregnancy, sepsis, DIC

Warfarin treatment, haemophilia, vitamin K malabsorption, sepsis, DIC

Warfarin treatment, haemophilia, normal pregnancy, sepsis, DIC

Pseudothrombocytopenia arises from:

EDTA-dependent incomplete mixing of blood sample which causes clots to from

EDTA-dependent reduction in total numbers of platelets

Anticoagulant effects

Thrombolytic agent effects

E. EDTA-dependent increase in platelets

Use of cytotoxic drug cisplatin might result in:

Hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia

Hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia

Hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesemia

Hyperkalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone most commonly associates with:

Causes of hypophosphatemia include:

Hypoglycaemia, alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism, renal wasting, oral phosphate binders

Hyperglycemia, alcoholism, hypoparathyroidism, renal wasting, oral phosphate binders

Hyperglycemia, alcoholism, hyperparathyroidism, renal wasting, Al/Mg containing antacids

Dietary restriction, alcoholism, hypoparathyroidism, renal wasting, Al/Mg containing antacids

Hypomagnesemia should be considered with all of the following:

Alcoholism, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, chronic diarrhea, ventricular arrhythmias

Alcoholism, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure, arrhythmias

Alcoholism, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, chronic diarrhea, ventricular arrhythmias

Alcoholism, hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia, chronic diarrhea, ventricular arrhythmias

Alcoholism, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, constipation, ventricular arrhythmias

Prolactin levels are (mIU/L) in order of: normal limit males; female; pregnancy; prolactinoma:

<125; <500; 600-10000; 600-10000

<225; <500; 600-20000; 600-20000

<325; <1000; 600-10000; 60-20000

<325; <500; 600-10000; 600-20000

<425; <1000; 600-20000; 600-20000

Signs and symptoms of Cushing´s syndrome include:

Anorexia, hypotension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne

Obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne

Obesity, hypotension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne

Anorexia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne

Obesity, hypertension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne

Which of the following is NOT correct: tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs because:

The parathyroid become unresponsive to calcium levels

Renal disease for long periods with low calcium leads to lack of parathyroid response to calcium levels

Parathyroid glands which are continually secreting PTH for a long period of time eventually do not response to negative feedback from calcium

Peripheral tissues which are continually subjected to high concentration of PTH eventually do not respond to PTH

The parathyroid gland become autonomic

Which of the following tests is required to establish the diagnosis of diabetes mellites: **

Glucose level in urine

Glycosylated (glycated) hemoglobin (HbA1c) *

Ketones in urine

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) or random blood glucose (RBG) or post-loas glucose level

Most patients with diabetic ketoacidosis are treated initially with:

Insulin, saline, potassium

Saline, insulin, sodium, bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate, potassium, saline

Insulin, potassium, sodium bicarbonate, glucose, insulin, potassium

Thrombocytopenia can arise from:

Autoimmune diseases, thin basement membrane, splenectomy, factor deficiencies, alcohol

Infectious, myeloproliferative disorders, splenomegaly, factor deficiencies, alcohol

Autoimmune disease, thin basement membrane, splenomegaly, factor deficiencies, alcohol

Autoimmune diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, splenectomy, factor deficiencies, alcohol

Infectious, myeloproliferative disorders, splenomegaly, factor deficiencies, acute blood loss

More Quizzes