HAP20306 Lecture 14

What is the primary role of ATP in energy metabolism?

To provide energy for cellular processes

To store excess glucose

To regulate body temperature

To synthesize proteins

Which molecule is oxidized to generate ATP during energy metabolism?

Glucose

Fat

Protein

Water

Which process involves the direct synthesis of ATP without oxygen?

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Electron transport chain

Beta-oxidation

Which process involves the majority of ATP synthesis during energy metabolism?

Electron transport chain

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Beta-oxidation

What is the net ATP yield from oxidizing one molecule of glucose through cellular respiration?

36-38 ATP

2 ATP

10 ATP

20 ATP

Which macronutrient yields the most ATP when fully oxidized?

Fat

Glucose

Protein

Water

What happens to excess ATP in the cell?

It is hydrolyzed back into ADP and Pi

It is stored for later use

It is converted into glucose

It is excreted as waste

What is the correct order of events in glucose oxidation

Glycolysis

Krebbs cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation

(electron transport chain)

(chemiosmotic coupling)

What is the primary source of energy for the human body?

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

Vitamins

Which macronutrient provides the most calories per gram?

Fats

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Water

What is the term for the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius?

Which process involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?

Anaerobic glycolysis

Aerobic respiration

Krebs cycle

Electron transport chain

What is the term for the amount of energy expended at rest to maintain basic physiological functions?

What is the correct formula for energy balance in the body?

Input + Production = Utilization + Output

Input = Worked performance + Heat released

Input + Production = Worked performance + Heat released

Production = Worked performance + Heat release

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Water

NADH

What is the role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?

Which molecule serves as the primary electron carrier in the electron transport chain?

NADH

FADH2

ATP

Coenzyme Q10

What is the purpose of chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative phosphorylation?

To generate ATP

To pump protons

To produce NADH

To synthesize glucose

What is the primary source of energy for the human body during prolonged exercise?

Stored fat

Carbohydrates

Protein

ATP

Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose for energy?

Glycogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

What is the primary role of insulin in energy metabolism?

Promotes glucose uptake into cells

Stimulates glycogen breakdown

Increases glucagon secretion

Inhibits fatty acid oxidation

Which hormone is responsible for promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver?

Glucagon

Insulin

Epinephrine

Cortisol

How does glucagon affect fatty acid oxidation?

Increases fatty acid release from adipose tissue

Enhances fatty acid uptake by muscle cells

Stimulates ketone body production in the liver

Inhibits fatty acid oxidation in

What is the primary mechanism by which vertebrates regulate their body temperature?

Thermoregulation

Homeostasis

Hibernation

Panting

Which part of the brain plays a crucial role in thermoregulation?

Hypothalamus

Cerebellum

Amygdala

Medulla oblongata

What is the term for the process by which animals lower their metabolic rate and body temperature to conserve energy during periods of extreme cold?

What is the process by which heat is transferred through direct contact between objects of different temperatures?

Conduction

Radiation

Evaporation

Convection

Which of the following is an example of convection?

Boiling water

Sunlight warming the Earth's surface

Ice melting into water

Sweating to cool down

What is the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below its boiling point?

Which of the following is an example of radiation?

Feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin

Holding a hot cup of coffee

Steam rising from a boiling pot of water

Ice melting into water

What is the process by which heat is transferred through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases)?

Convection

Radiation

Evaporation

Conduction

HAP20306 Lecture 14

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