Politics and Governance

Declaration and enumeration of a persons rights and privileges which the constitution is designed to protect against violations by the government, or by an individual or groups of individuals.

Those rights which are intended to insure the well-being and economic security of the individual.

They are the (civil) rights intended for the protection of a person of any crime.

Those rights which the law will enforce at the instance of private individuals for the purpose of securing to them the enjoyment of their means of happiness.

Something more than mere animal existence.

Refers to the method or manner by which the law is enforced.

Denotes not merely freedom from physical restraint

In certain proceedings of an administrative character, notice and hearing may be dispensed with, where because of public need or for practical reasons, the same is not feasible.

Requires that the law itself, not merely the procedures by which the law would be enforced, is fair, reasonable and just.

It has its application in judicial proceedings, civil or criminal.

May Refer to the thing itself or to the right over a thing.

Signifies that "all persons subject to legislation should be treated alike, under like circumstances and conditions both in the privileges conferred and liabilities imposed.

An order in writing, issued in the name of the people of the philippines, signed gy a judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for certain personal property and bring it before the court.

The command is to arrest a person designated, to take hin into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense, the written order.

The protection applies to everybody, to citizens as well as aliens in the Philippines, whether accused of crime or not.

The protection is not limited to dwelling houses but extends to a garage, warehouse, shop store, office, and even safety deposit vault.

They include sealed letters and packages in the mail which may be opened and examined only in pursuance of a valid search warrant.

Concisely defined as the right to be left alone.

Implies the right to freely utter and publish whatever one pleases without previous restraint, and to be protected against any responsibility for so doing as long as it does not violate the law, or injure someone's character, and reputation or business

Is meant such facts circumstances antecedent to the issuance of the warrant sufficient in themselves to induce a cautious man to rely upon them and act in pursuance thereof.

Right on the part of the citizens to meet peaceably for consultation in respect to public affairs.

Right of any person or group of person to apply, without fear of penalty, to the appropriate branch or office of the government for the redress of grievances.

The right of a man to worship god, and to entertain such religious views as appeal to his individual conscience, without dictation or interference by any person or power, civil or ecclesiastical.

In its broadest sense, includes all forms of belief in the existence of superior beings exercising the power over human beings and imposing rules of conduct with future state of rewards or punishments.

Is the right of a person to have his home in whatever place chosen by him and thereafter to change it at will, and to go where he pleases, without interference from any source.

The right of access in the above provision implements the right to information.

There can be no doubt as to the constitutionality of any law making the refusal to give such information or denial of access there to a punishable offense.

Any law which prohibits disclosure on information by government agencies must strike a healthy balance between the need to afford protection to vital secrets affecting national interest or security and the imperative of safeguarding the basic right of the people to know about the activities of their government.

It is recognized that record involving the security of the state or which are confidential in character should be excepted.

Is the freedom to organize or to be a member of any group or association union, or society, and to adopt the rules which the member judge most appropriate to achieve their purpose.

Right or power of the state or of these to whom the power has ben lawfully delegated to takeprivate property for public use upon paying to the owner a just compensation to be ascertained according to law.

Referred to as the power of the state to enact such laws or regulations in relation to person and property as may promote public health, public morals, public safety, and the general welfare and convenience of the people.

Is the power of the state to impose charge or burden upon persons, property, or property rights, for the use and support of the government and to enable it to discharge its appropriate functions.

Are the enforced proportional contributions from persons and property levied by the lawmaking body of the state by virtue of its sovereignty for the support of the government and all public needs.

Is the law or duty which binds the parties to perform their agreement according to its terms or intent, if it is not contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order, or public policy

Is the security required by a court and given for the provisional or temporary release of a person who is in the custody of the law conditioned upon his appearance before any court as required under the conditions specified.

Is an order issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, directed to the person detaining another, commanding him to produce the body of the prisoner at a designated time and place, and to show sufficient cause for holding in custody the individual so detained.

As intended to be covered by the constitutional guarantee, means any liability to pay money arising out of a contract express or implied.

When a person is charged with an offense and the case is terminated either by acquittal or conviction or in any other manner without the express consent of the accused, the latter cannot again be charged with the same or identical offense.

One which, operating retrospectively.

is a tax of a fixed amount imposed on individuals residing within a specified territory, whether citizens or not, without regard to their property.

Is a legislative act which inflicts punishment without a judicial trial.

The act If the punishment is less than death.

Citizens of the Philippines

Term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society, which membership implies, reciprocally a duty of allegiance on the part of the member and duty of protection on the part of the state.

A person having a title of citizenship

A citizen of a country who is residing in or passing through another county.

Way of acquiring citizenship by birth, because of the blood relationship or place of birth.

Way of acquiring citizenship by naturalization, except in case of collective naturalization of the inhabitants of a territory which takes place when it is ceded by one state to another as a result of a conquest or treaty.

The act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing him with the rights and privileges' of citizenship.

The foreigner who wants to become a filipino citizen must apply for naturalization with the proper regional trial court.

In this case our law making body simple ENACTS AN ACT directly conferring citizenship on a foreigner.

Known as "the administrative naturalization law of 2000" aliens born and residing in the Philippines may be granted Philippine citizenship by administrative proceedings.

"Natural born citizens are those who are citizens of the philippines from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship

Who at the moment of their birth are already citizens of the Philippines

They refer to those who are considered citizens of the philippines under the 1973 constitution at the time of the adoption of new constitution

Thy refer to those who born of the pilipino mothers before jan.17,1973, who upon reaching the age of majority, elect Philippine citizenship after the ratification of the 1973 constitution effectivity of the new constitution on pursuant the provision of the 1935 constitution.

They refer to those who where originally citizens of another country, but who by, an intervening act have acquired new citizenship in a different country.

"Citizens of the philippines who marry aliens shall RETAIN their citizenship, unless by their act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

Refers to the continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country even after they have acquired Filipino citizenship.

Refers to the possession of two citizenships by an individua, that of his original citizenship and that of the country where he became a naturalized citizen.

The right and obligation to vote qualified citizens in the election of certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public questions submitted to the people.

To be given or withheld by the law making power subject to constitutional limitations.

Enabling every citizens to participate in the process to assure that it derives its powers from the consent of the governed.

It means by which people choose their officials for definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, for the time being as their representatives, the exercise powers of government.

Name given to a vote f the people expressing their choices for or against a proposed law enactment submitted to them.

SUBMISSION of a law or part there of passed by the national or local legislative body to the voting citizens of a country for their ratification or rejections.

Process whereby the people directly proposed and enact law

It is a method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his tenure or before the expiration o his term by a vote of the people after registration of a petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified voters.

Those possessed by every citizen without being granted by the state for they are given to man by God as a human being created to his image so that he may live a happy life.

Those rights which are provided by laws promulgated by the law-making body and consequently, may be abolished by the same body.