What is the primary fun<wbr>ction of the lower respiratory system?

What is the primary function of the lower respiratory system?

A) Filtering blood

B) Digesting food

C) Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

D) Pumping blood

The bronchial tree is responsible for:

A) Oxygen transport

B) Sound production

C) Filtration of air

D) Carrying blood to the lungs

Where are the alveoli located in the lower respiratory system?

A) Trachea

B) Bronchus

C) Bronchioles

D) Lungs

Which of the following is a protective mechanism in the lower respiratory system against foreign particles and infections?

A) Mucus production

B) Oxygen exchange

C) Alveoli contraction

D) Diaphragm movement

Which of the following conditions is characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lower respiratory

A) Pneumonia

B) Bronchitis

C) Sinusitis

D) Emphysema

T/F: The trachea is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

True

False

T/F: The primary function of goblet cells in the airway is to secrete mucus to trap foreign particles.

True

False

T/F: The bronchioles are lined with cartilage, providing structural support.

True

False

T/F: Clara cells are specialized cells found in the bronchi and bronchioles that produce mucus.

True

False

T/F: Type I pneumocytes are responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli.

True

False

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for the vertical expansion of the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

A) Diaphragm

B) External intercostal muscles

C) Internal intercostal muscles

D) Abdominal muscles

During forced exhalation, which set of muscles plays a significant role in reducing the volume of the thoracic cavity?

A) Internal intercostal muscles

B) External intercostal muscles

C) Diaphragm

D) Quadriceps

T/F: Inhalation is an active process that requires the contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.

True

False

T/F: During exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, allowing the ribcage to expand.

True

False

T/F: The primary muscles involved in respiration are the quadriceps and biceps.

True

False

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating the involuntary functions of the respiratory system, such as breathing rhythm and rate?

A) Central nervous system

B) Peripheral nervous system

C) Autonomic nervous system

D) Somatic nervous system

Which division of the autonomic nervous system predominately controls the bronchial smooth muscles, influencing bronchodilation and bronchoconstriction?

A) Sympathetic nervous system

B) Parasympathetic nervous system

T/F: Spirometry is a medical test used to assess lung function and measure parameters related to respiratory health.

True

False

T/F: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measures the volume of air a person can exhale during a slow, relaxed breath.

True

False

T/F: Spirometry can be used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and restrictive lung diseases.

True

False

Which lung volume represents the volume of air that can be maximally inhaled after a normal tidal inhalation and is typically around 3,000-3,500 milliliters in adults?

A) Tidal Volume (TV)

What is the primary underlying cause of asthma?

A) Bacterial infection

B) Viral infection

C) Allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness

D) Genetic mutations

Which of the following is a common trigger for asthma symptoms?

A) High humidity

B) Exposure to tobacco smoke

C) Regular exercise

D) Consuming spicy foods

During an asthma attack, what happens to the airways?

A) They constrict and become narrower.

B) They dilate and become wider.

C) They become unaffected and maintain their normal size.

D) They are completely blocked, preventing airflow.

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