HOA3 EXAM 2

When did Miguel Lopez de Legazpi started his journey to the Philippines?

Who led the 500 men expedition?

Where did the Spanish expedition departed from?

When did the Spanish expedition arrived on Cebu?

Instruments of Urbanism: Forced urbanization and resettlement

Instruments of Urbanism: Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements.

The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.

"under the sound of the bells"

Instruments of Urbanism: The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist

Instruments of Urbanism: The institution of a hierarchal settlement system

Cabrera

Poblacion

Core of the municipality

Adjacent barangays

The Walled City

Intramuros was patterned after the walled fortresses of

Reserved for the nobility and the clergy

Living beyond the walls

Villages outside the walls

A separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community .

Japanese community

Instruments of Urbanism: A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision

Characteristics: ▪ elevated location ▪ an orderly grid of streets ▪ a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses

The Laws of the Indies, 1573 encapsulates the classicist theories of urban design proposed by

Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace

Instruments of Urbanism: New building typologies and construction technology was introduced.

Edifices for religious conversion

Main altar

Tabernacle

Pulpit

Elaborately ornamented altar screen

Where the priest and his assistants put on their robes before the mass.

Choir loft

Screened gallery

Parish house or rectory

Bell towers

These legislations ensure their proper safeguarding, protection, conservation, management and use as religious structures, as declared _______________, ______________, and as World Heritage properties

National Heritage Law

National Historical Commission of the Philippines Law

Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.

Thick perimeter walls

Four-sided bulwarks skirting the cortinas on both ends

Moat

Stone embrasures where artilleries were propped up

Also known as Casa del Ayuntamiento, Casa del Cabildo, Casa Consistorial, or Casa Real.

As a seat of colonial governance, it housed several administrative offices and archives.

Also known as Palacio del Gobernador General.

Tribunal, trial court

Customs house

Treasury

Casa de Municipal, or Casa Real, a smaller version of the Ayuntamiento in the provincial towns

Expansive structures housing spaces for the administrators and his workers on a landed estate

The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects

Oldest established university in Asia.

Found in the urban areas

Elementary schools

First hospital; built by the Franciscans; catered only to the Spaniards.

Hospital for the Chinese in Binondo

Hospital for the lepers

The Manila Observatory; established by the Jesuits to assist in forecasting typhoons.

Because ofthe Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.

Built after the destruction of Puente Grande in the 1863 earthquake

First and only bridge crossing the Pasig River

The ________ of the Manila-Dagupan railway line; served as the main terminal for all northbound destinations

The _________, the oldest lighthouse in the Philippines; also known as the San Nicolas lighthouse.

The installed the piped-in water system. The water was offered to the public free of charge.

Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia.

Very first large commercial structure; silk market in Binondo; housed stores for Chinese merchants and government offices.

Female workers

Tobacco and cigar factories

Boarding houses; less expensive lodgings.

First bank built; initially housed in theAduana

Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class

Apartment dwellings

Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and industrial areas.

Each unit; has a zaguan, sala and sleeping quarters

A housing prototype which combined elements of the indigenous and Hispanic building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones.

One of the few remaining in their authentic and original state

A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone

Driveway or garage

Vestibule or storage; usually for the caroza.

Horse stables

Wooden staircase

Interior overhanging veranda; most immediate room from the stairs

Outdoor terrace, located beside a balon

Water cistern

Flying wooden gallery

Window sill

Wooden fretwork on top of partitions.

Wooden balusters

Vents beneath the window sill which reach to the floor

Oldest church in the Philippines

Bantay Church is also known as

Served as a watchtower for pirates

Church of Sta. Catalina de Alexandria

The first and only all-steel church in Asia

First church to be built in Luzon. Only structure in Intramuros to survive WWII

Most outstanding example in the Philippines of 'Earthquake Baroque'

Massive coral stone belltower

Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church

T is the finest surviving example of 'Fortress Baroque'.

The facade epitomizes the Filipino transfiguration of western decorative elements

Situated on a hill surrounded by a defensive wall. Separate pagoda-like bell tower at the midpoint of the nave wall.

The brick walls are devoid of ornament but have delicately carved side entrances and strong buttresses