Thinking AP Psycholopgy

Cognition Definition

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering & communicating

Thinking about what you are going to do

Processing something

The study of thinking and mental activities

Concepts

A idea that comes from what you think will happen

Mental representations of categories of items or ideas, based on experience

Categories that sort out your experiences

A abstract idea or way of thinking

What do natural concepts represent

Ideas and thoughts

Objects and events

People and places

Categories and groupings

Artificial/formal concepts aren't defined by rules

True

False

Prototype

An idea before carrying out the final process

Thinking before carrying out an action

A part of concepts that relate to categorizing

Mental image or best example of a category/concept

Schemas

A neurological disorder

A pattern of thought or behavior

Ideas organized into heirarchies

Orderly ways of thinking

Scripts

Orderly ways we think and process ideas

Thoughts written out on paper

Pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them

Concepts organized into smaller groups

Algorithm

A defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem

A set of rules for thinking

Any thinking or equations that involve mathematics

Thinking that requires numerical data

Heuristic

Mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently but not always accurate

A long way of processing that lets you make accurate decisions

Finding the root of a problem to solve another

Seeing a boat

Anchoring Heuristic

a type of cognitive bias that causes people to favor information they received early in the decision-making process.

The way you trust people based on their position

Finding the root of a problem to solve another

A long way of processing that lets you make accurate decisions

Representativeness Heuristic

Building up the conclusion to a problem through other problems

When we estimate the probability of an event based on how similar it is to a known situation

Ideas and thoughts that lead to a conclusion

A method of problem solving that uses ideas from others

Availibility Heuristic

Thinking quickly to solve a problem

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.

Using past probles to solve present problems

A non-reliable way of problem solving

Insight

A long thinking process that comes to a reliable conclusion

Single minded way of thinking

A sudden realization that you have the solution to a problem

Not being able to find the solution to a problem no matter how hard you try

Confirmation bias

Problem solving with previously successful methods

Tendency to search, interpret, and recall information in a way that aligns with our pre-existing values, opinions, or beliefs

Using ideas of those you trust to solve a problem

Confirming the solution by comparing it to other problems

Fixation

An internal obsession

Not being able to get something or someone out of your mind

An obsessive drive that may or may not be acted on involving an object, concept, or person

The possesive need to always fix problems

Mental Set

A fixed way of thinking that allows you to see other options

Only using solutions that have worked in the past

A way of thinking that allows many possible solutions

A way of thinking with one solution that always works

Overconfidence

Having too much confidence in your solution to a problem

Overestimating the accuracy of your beliefs and judgements

Thinking there is no other answer than the one you chose

Framing

The way a problem is presented

The way a solution is presented

Belief Perserverence

Believing anything you think is right

Perservering through problems

the tendency to continue believing something even after evidence supporting it has been contradicted.

Belief Bias

Believing only those you trust

Believing solutions that have worked before

the tendency to continue believing something even after evidence supporting it has been contradicted.

believing something illogical in order to support a preexisting belief

Single Feature

Basing a decision off a single factor

Considering many factors before making a decision

Additive Model

Taking one feature into consideration before making a decision

Considering many factors before making a decision

Elimination by Aspects Model

Taking one feature into consideration before making a decision

Considering many factors before making a decision

Evaluating options based on a set criteria

Thinking AP Psycholopgy

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