OS

In cloud computing, is a ______ cloud available to anyone via the Internet?

When structuring the OS using the ______ approach, does it rely on LKM to link additional services?

When structuring the OS using the ______ approach, are all nonessential components implemented as system programs?

Can structuring the OS using the ______ approach result in poor performance?

______ refers to the use of high-speed memory to hold a copy of recently accessed data.

What is the term for the ratio of the speedup with N processors compared to a single processor?

In a system where two or more nodes are running applications and monitoring each other, what is this scenario commonly referred to?

Which system can have only one job (process) in memory at a time?

How is a system described when it consists of physically separate computer systems networked together?

In which state is a process if it is waiting to be assigned to a processor?

What does context switch save the current context of the current process in?

In which process is the sending process blocked until the message is received?

In a multi-threaded process, what do threads not share?

In which multi-threading model do all other threads block if one thread blocks?

What type of thread cancellation allows the target thread to periodically check if it should be canceled?

What is a segment of code, in which the process may be accessing and updating shared data?

What is a deadlock condition that means at least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode?

Deadlock... Ensures that at least one of the necessary conditions for a deadlock to occur cannot hold.

Which is a non-preemptive CPU scheduling algorithm?

In CPU scheduling, how can waiting time be calculated by subtracting what from the turnaround time?

The priority-based CPU scheduling algorithm suffers from the starvation problem, and one solution is...

Which algorithm allocates the smallest hole in memory that is big enough to hold the process?

What occurs when the allocated memory is slightly larger than the requested memory?

Which memory allocation approach does not suffer from external fragmentation?

An operating system consists of ... .... And system programs.

... Locates the kernel, loads it into memory, and starts its execution.

........ Refers to reading an instruction from memory and storing it in the CPU's instruction register.

...... Ensures that an update to a cache is reflected immediately in other caches.

In multiprocessor systems, ....... Means that the failure of one processor will not halt the system.

In ........, one node is in hot standby mode, monitoring the active server.

In dual-mode operation, privileged instructions can execute only in

In ........, the CPU switches between jobs frequently to allow for multitasking.

........ Is a collection of physically separate computer systems that are networked together.

........ Delivers computing as a service, and users pay based on usage.

...... Has well-defined, fixed time constraints.

The operating system provides application programmers with ....... To invoke services.

........ System calls support open, close, read, write, reposition file operations.

........ System calls support get time/date and set time/date operations.

Using the ....... Makes the OS difficult to implement and extend.

Using the ....... Removes all nonessential components from the kernel and implements them as system programs.

In a process, the ....... Contains the temporary variables.

A process is said to be in a ....... State if it is being created.

Context switch saves the current context of the current process into its

A ....... Process shares data with other executing processes.

....... Contains processes waiting for a certain event to occur.

....... Is a process that can receive messages from a mailbox.

In ....... addressing, both sender and receiver processes must name each other.

....... Involves the distribution of tasks across multiple cores.

In the one-to-one model, thread management is done by

In the ....... model, the entire process will block if a thread makes a blocking system call.

....... Is a synchronous version of the thread pool.

In ....... cancellation, the target thread periodically checks whether it should terminate.

The ....... Is a segment of code in which the process may be accessing and updating shared data.

....... Is a deadlock condition, and it means that at least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode.

Deadlock ....... Ensure that at least one of the necessary conditions for a deadlock to occur cannot hold.

....... instructions, such as Test-and-Set, execute as one uninterruptible unit.

A binary semaphore behaves similarly to

Process execution ends with a .......

The ....... Gives control of the CPU to the process selected for execution.

....... Scheduling allows for stopping a running process before it completes its CPU burst.

The ....... Contains the length of the addresses allocated to the process.

....... Is a contiguous allocation method that produces the smallest leftover hole.

Paging divides the physical memory into blocks of the same size called

Memory compaction is a possible solution for the ....... problem.

Referencing a page that is not currently in memory results in

If there is no frame in memory, a ....... Algorithm can be used to select a victim frame.

In ....... Frame allocation, the number of memory frames allocated to a process depends on its size.

....... Processes information in the file in order, one record after the other.

The ....... Records information (e.g., name, location, size, and type) for all files on a volume.

To condense the length of the file access-control list, many systems classify users into owner, group, and