Life Science

The main function of the cerebellum is ___________.

Sence reception

Posture and balance

Conciousness

Homeostastis

Symptoms of schizophrenia tend to appear

Over the age of 65

In childhood

In early adulthood

In middle age

Which of the following has been used as a prescribed treatment for anxiety?

Noradreniline

Metaformin

Barbiturates

Beta interferon

At resting potential the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside

Positive

Under ionic pressure

Underactive

Negative

What would be the typical order of progression of the stages of alcoholic liver disease?

Alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, alcoholic fatty liver disease

Alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis

Which statement best describes the incidence of stroke in the UK population?

Strokes occur only in older people.

Stroke predominantly affects young children.

The incidence of stroke is spread quite uniformly throughout different age groups.

Most people affected by stroke are aged over 65, although the condition can affect people of any age.

Which of the following health problems is NOT a common long-term complication of stroke?

Cognitive problems

Fatigue

Tremors

Depression

Which of the following saccharides (sugar molecules) may be used to treat cerebral oedema after severe stroke?

Lactose

Mannitol

Cellulose

Glycogen

Which of the below is NOT a risk factor for stroke?

Abnormal heartbeat/previous heart attack

Depression

Cigarette smoking

Diabetes

Vasospasm (constriction of a nearby blood vessel) is a post-stroke complication that can lead to brain damage. Which of the drugs below can block calcium channels to help prevent vasospasm?

Buspirone

Donepezil

Clozapine

Nimodipine

Which of the following statements about stroke is INCORRECT?

Stroke symptoms may be alleviated by the use of beta-blockers

The most common form of stroke is termed ischaemic stroke

Stroke results from neuronal death following nutrient and oxygen deprivation

Most people affected by stroke are over 65

Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the ________.

Nephrons

Glands

Muscle cells

Neurons

Which of the following are the parts of neurons?

Brain, spinal cord, and vertebral column

Sensory and motor

Dendrite, axon, and cell body

Cortex, medulla and sheath

What is the general name that describes the pons, medulla and midbrain?

The rhinencephalon

The mesencephalon

The brainstem

The diencephalon

Which lobe contains the primary visual cortex?

The occipital lobe

The temporal lobe

The hippocampal lobe

The frontal lobe

The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the ________

Axomembranes

Meninges

Nodes of Ranvier

Myelin sheath

Arrange these action potential events in their proper sequence: 1) threshold voltage is reached 2) K+ gates begin to open 3) membrane is depolarised 4) Na+ gates begin to open 5) membrane repolarization begins

4, 3, 2, 1, 5

1, 2, 4, 3, 5

4, 2, 1, 5, 3

1, 4, 3, 2, 5

The action potential is measured in millivolts (mV) and is ranged fromThe action potential is measured in millivolts (mV) and is ranged from

-30mV to +60mV

-90mV to +20mV

-70mV to +30mV

-65mV to +40mV

A neuron undergoes repolarisation (i.e. The downward swing of a measured action potential) when

Potassium ions move into the axon

Sodium ions move into the axon

Potassium ions move out of the axon

Sodium ions move out of the axon

A refractory period is

Is a reverse impulse that resets the sodium and potassium balance

The same as the resting potential

The period during which potassium and sodium ions are completely stable

A brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse

Action Potentials

Are all-or-nothing events

Are summable

Are amplifiable

Result from facilitated diffusion

What occurs sequentially when the nerve impulse is transmitted from the synapse of one neuron to the postsynaptic neuron?

The nerve impulse is transmitted to the postsynaptic neuron by a direct connection between the two.

The synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis

The nerve impulse is transmitted to the axon of the postsynaptic neuron

The nerve impulse is transmitted next to the axon of the presynaptic neuron

Transmission across a synapse is achieved mainly by a________

Physical contact of axon to dendrite allowing the nerve impulse to continue onward

Diffusion of sodium ions across the cleft

Diffusion of neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft

Ionic bonding

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.

Drugs of abuse

Neurotransmitters

Enzymes that rapidly inactivate neurotransmitters

Postsynaptic receptors

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the ________ membrane

Postsynaptic

Cell body

Presynaptic

Axonal

Life Science

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