Assessment of urinary system By: RefOo Sami
What is the primary purpose of the kidneys in regulating blood pressure?
Producing insulin
Secreting adrenaline
Releasing antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Producing renin
Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a disease related to renal or urologic problems in the health history section?
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Asthma
Gout
What is the approximate normal adult urine output per day?
500 mL
1000 mL
1500 mL
2000 mL
What is the length of the male urethra?
1 to 2 inches
5 to 10 inches
10 to 12 inches
20 to 25 inches
Which of the following is a specific manifestation related to the urinary system?
Headaches
Chills
Dysuria
Blurred vision
What is the purpose of the creatinine clearance test?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Confirm urinary tract infection
Measure GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
Assess bladder blood flow
What is the reference interval for specific gravity readings in a concentration test?
1.003-1.030
6-20 mg/dL
12:1 to 20:1
2.3-6.6 mg/dL (female), 4.4-7.6 mg/dL (male)
What is the purpose of a residual urine test?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Determine the amount of urine left in the bladder after urinating
Confirm urinary tract infection
Assess bladder blood flow
Which blood test detects renal problems by measuring the concentration of urea in the blood?
Blood glucose
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Uric acid
What is the normal reference interval for blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
6-20 mg/dL
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
12:1 to 20:1
2.3-6.6 mg/dL (female), 4.4-7.6 mg/dL (male)
Which radiologic procedure is used to detect renal or perirenal masses and identify obstructions?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Renal ultrasound
CT scan (CT urogram)
What is the purpose of an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)?
Visualize renal blood vessels
Detect renal or perirenal masses
Confirm urinary tract infection
Assess bladder blood flow
Which of the following is a potential complication of a renal arteriogram (angiogram)?
Increased appetite
Urinary retention
Decreased blood pressure
Local inflammation
What does a computed tomography (CT) scan excel in distinguishing in the kidneys?
Size
Shape
Density
Color
What is the purpose of a cystogram?
Visualize renal blood vessels
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Inspect the interior of the bladder
Detect renal or perirenal masses
What is the position used during a cystoscopy procedure?
Prone
Supine
Lateral
Lithotomy
Which potential complication of a cystoscopy may require warm sit baths and mild analgesics for relief?
Urinary retention
Bright red bleeding
Local inflammation
Orthostatic hypotension
What is the primary advantage of a CT scan over ultrasound in imaging the kidneys?
Less expensive
Less time-consuming
Ability to distinguish subtle differences in density
No need for contrast media
What is the purpose of a "clean catch" or "midstream" urine culture?
Confirming blood type
Identifying causative organisms for urinary tract infection
Measuring creatinine clearance
Assessing bladder blood flow
Which of the following blood tests measures the end product of muscle and protein metabolism?
Blood glucose
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Uric acid
What is the purpose of a urine culture?
Measure GFR
Confirm urinary tract infection
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Assess bladder blood flow
Which diagnostic study involves instilling contrast media into the bladder via cystoscope or catheter?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Cystogram
CT scan (CT urogram)
What does a creatinine clearance test measure?
Renal blood flow
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
Bladder blood flow
Urinary concentration ability
Which blood test measures the concentration of urea in the blood and is used to detect renal problems?
Blood glucose
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine
Uric acid
What is the purpose of the urethra in the urinary system?
Conduit for urine from the bladder to the outside body during voiding
Produce insulin
Control blood pressure
Serve as a reservoir for urine
Which of the following is a specific manifestation related to the urinary system?
Headaches
Chills
Dysuria
Anorexia
What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?
Produce erythropoietin
Regulate blood pressure
Serve as a reservoir for urine
Control blood sugar levels
Which subjective data is important in assessing the urinary system in health history?
Sleep patterns
Pain in the joints
Changes in body weight
Sense of taste
What is the purpose of a residual urine test?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Determine the amount of urine left in the bladder after urinating
Confirm urinary tract infection
Assess bladder blood flow
Which diagnostic study involves visualizing renal blood vessels and may be included in the workup of a potential renal transplant donor?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Renal arteriogram (angiogram)
Renal ultrasound
Which radiologic procedure is used to visualize the size, shape, and position of kidneys, as well as detect radiopaque stones and foreign bodies?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Renal ultrasound
CT scan (CT urogram)
What is the primary function of the male urethra?
Produce insulin
Control blood pressure
Serve as a reservoir for urine
Conduit for semen and urine
Which of the following is NOT a specific manifestation related to the urinary system?
Edema
Dysuria
Anorexia
Blurred vision
What is the purpose of a urinalysis?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Confirm urinary tract infection
Establish baseline information and determine the need for further studies
Assess bladder blood flow
What is the reference interval for serum creatinine levels?
6-20 mg/dL
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
12:1 to 20:1
2.3-6.6 mg/dL (female), 4.4-7.6 mg/dL (male)
Which diagnostic study involves passing sound waves into body structures and recording images reflected back for the detection of renal or perirenal masses?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Renal ultrasound
CT scan (CT urogram)
What is the purpose of a blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio test?
Measure GFR
Detect renal problems
Assess renal blood flow
Indicate conditions affecting blood flow to the kidneys
What is the primary advantage of a renal ultrasound over a CT scan?
Less expensive
No need for contrast media
Noninvasive and can be used in patients with renal failure
Provides better visualization of renal blood vessels
Which diagnostic study involves instilling contrast media into the bladder and evaluating vesicoureteral reflux?
KUB X-ray
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
Cystogram
Renal ultrasound
What does a creatinine clearance test involve?
Collecting a 24-hour urine specimen and determining the amount of creatinine excreted
Visualizing renal blood vessels
Instilling contrast media into the bladder via cystoscope or catheter
Passing sound waves into body structures and recording images reflected back
What is the purpose of a computed tomography (CT) scan (CT urogram) in the assessment of the urinary system?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Visualize renal blood vessels
Distinguish subtle differences in density
Confirm urinary tract infection
What is the purpose of the bladder in the urinary system?
Produce erythropoietin
Serve as a reservoir for urine
Control blood pressure
Conduit for urine from the bladder to the outside body during voiding
Which of the following is a common symptom related to urinary disorders?
Blurred vision
Excessive thirst
Change in body weight
Incontinence
What is the purpose of the urethra's smooth muscle?
Control blood pressure
Serve as a conduit for urine from the bladder to the outside body during voiding
Produce insulin
Regulate blood volume
What is the function of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers in the ureters?
Control blood pressure
Promote peristaltic, one-way flow of urine through the ureters
Serve as a reservoir for urine
Produce erythropoietin
What is the purpose of the renal arteriogram (angiogram) in the assessment of the urinary system?
Visualize renal blood vessels
Detect renal or perirenal masses
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Confirm urinary tract infection
Which diagnostic study provides excellent visualization of kidneys and can detect tumors, abscesses, and obstructions?
KUB X-ray
Renal ultrasound
Computed tomography (CT) scan (CT urogram)
Cystogram
What is the purpose of the "clean catch" or "midstream" urine culture?
Evaluate renal concentration ability
Detect renal or perirenal masses
Confirm urinary tract infection
Assess bladder blood flow
What is the reference interval for specific gravity readings in a concentration test?
6-20 mg/dL
12:1 to 20:1
1.003-1.030
2.3-6.6 mg/dL (female), 4.4-7.6 mg/dL (male)
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