Composite Midterm

Why did they use organic fabrics instead of synthetic fabrics on aircraft built in the 1930s

Organic fabrics were the only material at the time

Synthetics were too expensive to purchase from suppliers

Fabrics made of synthetics were too hard to obtain

These fabrics were still in development stage

Cracking on an aircraft wineries is defined as what

A fine web like pattern of small scratches

A mark or mar of the surface by running, scraping or tearing with something sharp or rough

A defect that involves a mark or flaw made by the breaking off or gouging out of a small piece when a window must have stop drilling on cracks

A defect that involves the breaking without complete separation of the part involved.

When cleaning aircraft windshields that are heavily contaminated with debris, what is the first step of the cleaning process?

Use liberal amounts of water to soak while using your bare hand to gently remove any loose debris

Spray down the windshield with a generous amount of polishing compound then wipe with a mildly abrasive glove to remove debris.

Use a heavy duty pressure washer at its maximum pressure to blast away any of that loose debris

First spray liberal amount of windex or another ammonia based cleaner as to loosen and lift that debris

Before cleaning the windshield on my new corporate jet what should be done?

Check the maintenance manual and follow instructions contains for the wineries maintenance

Drench the window with windex with ammonia and let it soak then wipe it off with soft cloths and repeat till clean

Soak the window with mild soap and water till the bugs are soft and work of with windshield wipes

Soak the windshield with fresh cool water then mild soap and water then work the bugs off gently with a wash mitt

Why did they use fabric?

Due to the lack of usable materials at that time

Wood was the material of choice at the time

Skills for wood and fabric aircraft...at the time

I do believe all the other answers are correct

What are the two main categories of plastics used on aircraft windows?

Thermoplastic & thermosetting plastics

Thermoform & thermopressing plastics

Hot forming & mold poured plastics

Heat setting & drop forged plastics

Shaft are the names of the two approved fabric testers used in aviation for fabric strength?

Sayboth and Maule

Why do we install reinforcing tapes on a fabric covered wing?

They go under the lacing cord to prevent it from pulling through the fabric

To smooth out the surface area after the dope is applied.

This tape keeps the lace cord stitching in perfect alignment

These reinforcing tapes double the strength of the structure

What is the minimum percentage of strength required for fabric to remain certified from flight from New?

90%

80%

70%

60%

What is the name of the shears or scissors called that cut a series of v's on fabric to help prevent the material from unraveling?

Browning shears

Pinking shears

Sheep shears

Veeing shears

On a fabric covered aircraft, what are the most common methods of attaching fabric?

Glueing, clips, self tapping screws and stitching cord

Two sided tape, pop rivets, lace cord and strong threads

Epoxy cement, cherry rivets, hand screws and witness wire

Hooks/clips, bonding agent, hand thread and fabric types

When dealing with laminated aircraft wood, the grain of the pieces being laminate together shall run

At 45 degrees angle to each other

It does not matter.. Together properly

Perpendicular with each other

Parallel with each other

When aluminum powder is added to Butvrare Dope what is the purpose of this additive?

To improve adhesion of the dope to the fabric

To minimize the damaging effects caused by the ultraviolet sun ravs

To assist with the tensioning of the fabric

To help reduce the formation of mildews

After removing the old fabric from the aircraft it is a good idea to,

Dispose of the fabric.. Cause lung problems

Keep it as it may be used as a guide for rib stitching plus locations of inspection rings and fabric penetrations

Never remove.. Existing structure

Keep it for the next aircraft.. Customer on a budget

What is the preferred method of the cutting of wood for use in aviation structures?

Quartersawn

Riftsawn

Plainsawn

Bandsawn

When manufactory aviation plywood the grain of the plys should be?

Running at 90 degree angles to each other

Running parallel to each of the other layers

Running at 45 degrees to each of the other layers

Running at all angles with proper adhesion

When installing synthetic fabrics on aircraft parts what method would I use to tighten the fabric?

Hot iron

Heat lamp

Heat gun

Hot water

What are the 4 requirements of Solid wood to meet aviation building standards?

Kiln died, specific gravity not less than 0.36, quarter sawn and grain slope of I" in 15"

Kiln died. Moisture content of 0.40%, rift sawn and grain slope of 1" in 20"

Controlled drying, gravity density, plain sawn and a long continuous grain of ½" in 15"

Air dried inside, gravity density of 0.40, band sawn and I" in 24" grain slope

The ends of fibers that are loosened and stick up like short hairs after they have been stiffened by the application of nitrate Dope are known as?

Fur

Fuzzy

Nap

Denier

The Canadian aviation regulations classify the recovery of an aircraft to be a major repair or major modification. Identify the type of data that you may use to carry out this type of work?

Acceptable data

Standard data

Specific data

Transparent thermoplastic parts should be stored

In a cool dry location

On their edge properly supported on about a 30 Degree angle.

Near heat sources only while the protective film is on them.

Near heat sources and radiators to keep from freezing.

When inspecting wood structures what moisture content is at the correct percentage in the acceptable range?

0% -5%

8% - 16%

10% - 12%

20% - 25%

One best practice when drilling large holes in plastics it should not be done in one step. The largest hole you should drill in one step should be?

�"

¼"

3/16*

½"

New plastic windshields are generally shipped to the customers in an oversized condition and must be tried and fitted to the window structure. What is the best tool to cut these windshields to size before final fit?

A jigsaw

A band saw

A table saw

A scroller all.

In order for fungus to grow in wood structure what moisture % range must be present for the greatest risk of growth?

0%-7%

20% - 25%

8% - 15%

16%-19%

When selecting lumber for my aircraft structural members what is the preferred style for cut should be used on the wood?

Rift Sawn

Bandsawn

Quartersawn

Plain Sawn

Drain holes found in wooden structured aircraft are normally what diameter

.125 inch

.375 inch

.250inch

>500inch

What is the name of the shears or scissors called that cut a series of v's fabric to help prevent the material from unraveling.

Pinking shears

Browning shears

Sheep shears

Veering shears

After the fabric has been installed the first coat of nitrate dope should be applied using what method?

Brush

Spray

Hose

Roller

What is the best method to remove old dope when doing local repair on the fabric covered

A slow rotary grinder with the fine grit

Careful use of paint stripper

With a dull bladed knife

Youtube has this information

Why do we install reinforcing tapes on a fabric covered wing?

These reinforcing tapes double the strength of the structure

To smooth out the surface area after the dope is applied

They go under the lacing cord to prevent it from pulling through the fabric

This tape keeps the ace cord stitching in vertical alignment

Mercerizing fabric involves the process of:

Where the fabric is passed between silver plated sheets of iron

Where the fabric is stretched prior to being rolled onto the finished bolt

Dipping cotton fabric in a hot solution of diluted caustic soda

Where the fabric passes through heated rollers

Fabric covered wing rejuvenators are used?

Seal and protect AC fabric covering when new with organic fabric. It also tightens it

Adhere the fabric edges to the structures of the AC when using the blanket covering method

Penetrate into old product to soften it and replace some of the plasticizers that have evaporated or oxidized

Reinforce the ribs before stitching

Why on fabric covered AC was the fabric put through the process called mercerizing

This treatment was carried out to make the fabric to which it was applied lighter in

This process made the fabric resistant to ultraviolet rays of the sun when parked outside

Mercerized AC fabric when applied to the AC properly would increase the speed in a steep dive

This process helped to strengthen and make it fabric absorb dyes better and resist mildew

The end of fibers that are loosened and stick up like short hairs after they have been stiffened by the application of nitrate dope are known as?

Fur

Nap

Fuz

Denier

What is the most common repair stitch used on hand sewn repairs

Baseball stitch

Football stitch

Golf ball stitch

Softball stitch

Warp threads run in what directions

Across the width of the fabric

Are woven evenly throughout the material

Along the length of the fabric

One bias at a 45 degree angle

When aluminum powder is added to butyrate dope what is the purpose of this additive?

To minimize the damaging effects caused by the ultraviolet sun rays

To assist with the tensioning of the fabric

This helps reduce the formation of the mildews

To improve the adhesion of the done to the fabric

When considering the repair of a scratch on a pressurized aircraft window where would I look?

The AC maintenance manual

The window manufacturers manual

The plastic manufacturers website

Look it up on youtube

Determining the depth of the flaw on a AC window is an essential skill of the following methods which is the most precise

Vernier caliper

Lockwire comparison

Fingernail

Optical micrometer

A chip on an AC window is defined as what

A fine web like pattern of small scratches

A defect involves a mark or flaw made by the breaking off or gouging out of a small piece

A defect that involves the breaking without complete separation of the part involved

A mark or mar of the surface by rubbing scraping or tearing with something sharp

When installing a window in the AC and the holes must be drilled for the fasteners how should they be drilled

In a cool place

Full size right away

Half size and work up

As quickly as possible

What cleaning products should be avoided when cleaning my AC Windows?

All the other answers

Lacquer thinner

Ammonia-based windex

Acetone solvent

Which plastic is preferred for window manufacturing in AC

Bakelite

Thermoplastic

Thermosetting

Cellulose acetate plastic

One of the best practice when drilling large holes in a plastic it should not be done on one step the largest hole you should drill in one step should be:

½”

¼”

�”

3/16”

What where the Choices for fabrics on the Aircraft from W.W.1?

Cotton and Linnen.

Polyester and cotton.

Ceconite.

Polyvynal and

What was the Preferred method of application for the initial coating of Nitrate Dope on the fabric? 

Immersion.

Brush.

Roller.

Spray.

Fabric repairs with openings that cannot be closed with just stitching will have to be repaired by?

Adding layers of tape until the hole is covered.

Replacing the entire piece of surface fabric.

Hot bonding a new inspection hole in the location.

Sewing in place a new fabric section.

What should Not be used to clean aircraft windows?

Amonia based window cleaner.

The palm of your hand and water.

Aircraft window cleaner.

Mild soap and water.

When heating plastic to form windows or lenses the best method for heating is?

Dry temperature-controlled air.

Steam or boiling water.

Natural gas oven.

Leaving it in the Sun

Select the correct drill bit size that you should use when Stop Drilling cracks on aircraft transparencies from the choices given.

#10 or 3/16".

#40 or 3/32".

#20 or 5/32".

#30 or 1/8".

What was the building material of Choice back in the 1930s for aircraft structures?

Steel.

Carbon Fiber.

Aluminum.

Wood.

Fabric repairs with openings that cannot be closed with just stitching will have to be repaired by?

Adding layers of tape until the hole is covered.

Replacing the entire piece of surface fabric.

Hot bonding a new inspection hole in the location.

Sewing in place a new fabric section.

When using a 'Baseball Stitch' technique, what is the minimum number of stitches required to repair a tear in aircraft fabric that is 4 inches long?

20 Stitches

12 Stitches

15 Stitches

16 Sticthes

From the Chart 2 below, please identify the minimum bend radius of saturated 1/8" plywood bent perpendicular to the grain:

12 inches

7.1 inches

5 inches

3.8 inches

Prior to starting the inspection of a wooden aircraft, the technician must ensure that the moisture content of the structure has equalized. The best way to do this is to:

Thoroughly hose down the aircraft to ensure all areas are equally wet.

Use heat lamps to accelerate the drying.

Leave the aircraft outside for at least 24 hours prior to beginning the inspection.

Bring the aircraft into a hangar at least 24 hours prior to beginning the inspection.

The reference standard for aircraft wood is what species?

Northern White Pine

Douglad Fir.

Western Hemlock

Sitka Spruce

When completing a sewn repair of a tear or cut is more than 8 inches but less than 16 inches lenght, the surface tape used to cover the stitching should be at least

2 inches wide

4 inches wide

6 inches wide

1 inches wide

Composite Midterm

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