The causative agents of pneumonia in children in the first six months of life
Staphylococcus aureus
Chlamydiae
Cytomegalovirus
Pneumococcus
Haemophilus influenzae
The most common causative agents of pneumonia in young children
Pneumococcus
Moraxella catalis
Herpes virus
Haemophilus influenzae bacillus
Pneumonias in schoolchildren are more often caused by
Mycoplasma
Pneumococcus
Chlamydiae
Cytomegalovirus
Haemophilus influenzae bacillus
The acute course of pneumonia corresponds to ### weeks
: Factors contributing to recurrent pneumonia in children
outpatient treatment
Gastroesophageal reflux
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital lung abnormalities
Attendance at pre-school
### is an acute infectious disease of lung tissue diagnosed in the presence of respiratory failure syndrome, physical findings, infiltrative changes on radiographs
A child with pneumonia should be hospitalized when
Toxicosis, shortness of breath
Age of the child under 2 years old
Dysfunctional family environment
the positive effect of outpatient treatment
Suspected staphylococcus aureus
According to the conditions of infection, pneumonias are subdivided into
nosocomial
Intrauterine
Out-of-hospital
Iatrogenic
Resuscitation
The pathognomonic symptom of pneumonia is
creeping rales
Shortness of breath
Radiological signs of lung tissue infiltration
According to the nature of the clinical and radiological picture there are forms of pneumonia in children
Focal
Shallow focal
Interstitial
Equity
Root
: Complications of pneumonia correspond to a complication
Extrapulmonary
Infectious-toxic shock
Respiratory failure
Pleurisy
: pulmonary
Objective physical symptoms of focal pneumonia are
Weakened bronchophonation
Symmetrical shallow moist rales
Shortened percussive sound
Hard breathing
local crepitus rales
: Indicators of the severity of pneumonia are
Degree of respiratory failure
Degree of cardiovascular insufficiency
Degree of percussion sound shortening
Number of wheezes
Cough
Toxicosis
Most likely causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in children of appropriate age
1-6 months
Chlamydiae
Older than 6 months to 6 years
Klebsiella
Older than 3 years old
Pneumococcus
Newborn
Drugs of choice for antimicrobial therapy in pneumonia according to etiology Pneumonia causative agent Drug of choice
Pneumococcus
Cephalosporins III-IV + aminoglycosides
Pseudomonas bacillus
Macrolides
Mycoplasma
penicillin, amoxicillin
Croupous pneumonia is characterized by
Bilateral process
Bronchoobstructive syndrome
Dyspnea and increase RR
A strong start
Lesion of the lung lobe
Unilateral blush
Typical for segmental pneumonia is
coughing fits
"Rusty" sputum
Fever
Poor auscultation data
Absence of respiratory failure during the first hours of illness
: Atypical pneumonias caused by mycoplasmas and chlamydia are characterized by
persistent cough -
High persistent fever
subfebrile or normal temperature
Susceptibility to a prolonged course
Focal infiltration with increased pulmonary pattern
an occasional cough
fractional darkening on the X-ray
Grade I of respiratory failure is characterized by
Permanent shortness of breath
metabolic acidosis
Shortness of breath and occasional cyanosis on physical exertion
Blood oxygen saturation 90%
Grade II of respiratory failure is characterized by
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Cyanosis disappears with inhalation of 40-50% O2
Persistent dyspnea, acrocyanosis
Blood oxygen saturation 70-80 %
Grade III of respiratory failure is characterized by
Compensated metabolic acidosis
On inhalation of 100% oxygen
Tachypnea > 150% of normal
Blood oxygen saturation < 70%
Drugs of first choice in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Penicillins
Macrolides
Cephalosporins I-II
Biseptol
gentamicin
Olethrin
Macrolide antibiotics used to treat atypical pneumonia in children include
Amoxiclav
Lidaprim
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Roxytromycin
Reserve antimicrobial therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonias includes
trichopol
Zinnate
Vancomycin
Carbapenems
Amikacin
Sumamed
To verify the diagnosis of pneumonia, ### examination is mandatory
Lingering pneumonia in young children should be differentiated with
bronchiolitis
Congenital lobar emphysema
Foreign body in the respiratory tract
Cystic fibrosis
Tuberculosis
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