Biochemistry ii

9.1. Bile pigments are:
Cholic acid
Deoxycholic acid
Bilirubin
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Lithocholic acid
9.2. Degradation of Hb takes place in:
Mitochondrion
Erythrocytes
Cytosol of cell
Reticuloendothelial cells
9.3. In haem catabolism, the first bile pigment formed is:
Cholic acid
Bilirubin
Lithocholic acid
Biliverdin
Deoxycholic acid
9.4. Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by the process of:
Oxidation
Reduction
Conjugation
Decarboxylation
Dehydrogenation
9.5. Bilirubin formed in reticuloendothelial cells is transported to liver in combination with:
Transferrin
Albumin
Globulin
Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
9.6. In liver cells, bilirubin is conjugated with:
Glucose
Cholic acid
Glycine
Glucuronic acid
Iduronic acid
9.7. Bilirubin is derived from all of the following except:
Destroyed effete red blood cells
Cytochromes
Haemoglobin
Catalase
Coenzymes
9.8. The enzyme responsible for conjugation of bilirubin is:
Bilirubin esterase
Haemoglobin reductase
Bilirubin conjugase
Glucuronyl transferase
Glutamyl-bilirubin esterase
9.9. Following are the examples of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemias, except:
Gilbert’s syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Criglar-Najjar syndrome
Lucey-Driscoll syndrome
Transient neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
9.10. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia characteristic of:
Rotor syndrome
Chronic active hepatitis
Gilbert’s syndrome
Dubin-Johnson syndrome
None of the above
9.11. In Gilbert’s syndrome, there is:
Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Increased transferase activity
Frequent attacks of biliary colic
None of the above
9.12. In Criglar-Najjar syndrome, there is:
Conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Increased glucuronyl transferase activity
Increased haemolytic activity
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
None of the above
9.13. About L-stercobilinogen all are true, except:
L-stercobilinogen and L-urobilinogen are structurally similar
Is formed from unconjugated bilirubin in large intestine by action of bacteria
Stercobilin is the oxidation product
Daily excretion in faeces is about 250 mg
Small amount is reabsorbed from gut and undergoes enterohepatic circulation
9.14. All are true about Gilbert’s syndromes except:
Serum bilirubin is usually < than 5 mg/dl
Liver function tests are normal
Sclera of the eye usually shows mild icterus
Liver biopsy shows dark pigmentation of hepatic cells
There is unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
9.15. All of the following statements regarding haem catabolism are correct, except:
The reduction of biliverdin yields bilirubin
The formation of biliverdin is the first step in catabolism of haem
Bilirubin is conjugated with glucuronic acid in liver
Failure to conjugate bilirubin with glucuronic acid leads to jaundice
Free unconjugated bilirubin is reduced to urobilinogen in liver
10.1. How many molecules of ATP are hydrolysed to form two molecule of ammonia?
10
5
16
15
10.2. The nitrogen atoms of urea produced in the urea cycle are derived from
Nitrate
Ammonia and aspartic acid
Nitrite
Ammonia
10.3. The products of urea cycle are
1 molecule of urea, 1 molecule of ammonia, 1 molecule of ATP and 1 molecule of fumaric acid
1 molecule of fumaric acid, 1 molecule of urea, 1 molecule of AMP, 2 molecules of ADP
1 molecule of aspartic acid, 1 molecule of ammonia, 1 molecule of fumaric acid, 1 molecule of ATP
None of the above
10.4. Nitrate reduction can be carried out by
Only microorganism
Plant and microorganism
Only plants
None of these
10.5. Which of the following is used as carbon atom source while producing urea in the urea cycle?
Arginine
Aspartic acid
Carbon dioxide
Glucose
10.6. Which of the following amino acid do not fall under the category of essential amino acid?
Histidine
Leucine
Glycine
Methionine
10.7. Urea cycle converts
Ammonia into a less toxic form
Ketoacids into amino acids
Amino acids into ketoacids
None of these
10.8. The inputs to one cycle of the urea cycle are
1 molecule of aspartic acid, 1 molecule of ammonia, 1 molecule of carbon dioxide, 3 molecules of ATP
1 molecule of urea, 1 molecule of ammonia, 3 molecules of ATP and 1 molecule of fumaric acid
1 molecule of fumaric acid, 1 molecule of urea, 3 molecules of AMP
None of the above
11.1. Uridylylation and deuridylylation of PII are brought about by a single enzyme ______________
Uridylyltransferase
Adenylyltransferase
Glutamate synthase
Dinitrogenase
11.2. Dinitrogenase reductase is a ____________
Monomer
Dimer
Trimer
Tetramer
11.3. Dinitrogenase is a ____________
Monomer
Dimer
Trimer
Tetramer
11.4. The reaction of glutamate and NH4+ to yield glutamine is catalyzed by ____________
Uridylyltransferase
Adenylyltransferase
Glutamate synthase
Glutamine synthase
11.5. An intermediate of the citric acid cycle that undergoes reductive amination with glutamine as nitrogen donor is ____________
α-ketoglutarate
Glutamine
NADPH
H+
11.6. Which of the following catalyzes reactions that incorporate nitrogen derived from glutamine?
Glutamine amidotransferase
Adenylyltransferase
Glutamate synthase
Glutamine synthase
11.7. Conversion of nitrogen to ammonia or nitrogenous compounds is termed as ____________
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrogen assimilation
11.8. Formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds is called as ____________
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrogen assimilation
11.9. Ammonia or ammonium is oxidized to nitrite followed by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate is called ____________
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrogen assimilation
11.10. Nitrate is reduced and ultimately produces N2 through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products is called ____________
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrification
Denitrification
Nitrogen assimilation
12.1. Identify the purine base of nucleic acids in the following.
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Adenine
12.2. Which of the following are not the components of RNA?
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
12.3. Which of the following statements is true?
Sugar component of a nucleotide is ribose
Sugar component of a nucleotide is deoxyribose
The bases in nucleotides are attached to a a) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide pentose sugar moiety by a glycosidic linkage
The sugar molecule of the nucleotide is in L- configuration
12.4. What is the composition of nucleoside?
A sugar + a phosphate
a base + a sugar
a base + a phosphate
A base + a sugar + phosphate
15.5. What is the composition of nucleotide?
A sugar + a phosphate
a base + a sugar
A base + a phosphate
a base + a sugar + phosphate
12.6. Group of adjacent nucleotides are joined by ____________
Phosphodiester bond
Peptide bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
12.7. The sugar molecule in a nucleotide is ____________
Pentose
Hexose
Tetrose
Triose
12.8. Which of the following is true about phosphodiester linkage?
5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
12.9. Which of the following is false about purine and pyrimidine bases?
They are hydrophobic and relatively insoluble in water at the near-neutral pH of the cell
At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charged and their solubility in water increases
Purines have two rings in their structure, but pyrimidine bases have only one ring
At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charged and their solubility in water decreases
12.10. Building blocks of nucleic acids are ____________
Nucleotides
Nucleosides
Amino acids
Histones
13.1. Number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?
1
2
3
4
13.2. Number of hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine?
1
2
3
4
13.2. Which ratio is constant for DNA?
A + G / T + C
A + T / G + C
A + C / U + G
A + U / G + C
13.4. According to Chargaff’s rule, in a DNA molecule ____________
The amount of adenine and thymine is equal to the amount of guanine and cytosine
The amount of adenine and guanine is equal to the amount of thymine and cytosine
The amount of adenine and uracil is equal to the amount of guanine and cytosine
The amount of adenine and guanine is equal to the amount of uracil and cytosine
13.5. Arrangement of nucleotides in DNA can be seen by
Ultracentrifuge
X-Ray crystallography
Light microscope
Electron microscope
13.6. Which of the following leads to disruption nucleosomal structure?
Acetylation
Carboxylation
Phosphorylation
Methylation
13.7. Which one of the following nucleic acids has a left handed helix?
M-RNA
T-RNA
A-DNA
Z-DNA
13.8. Which of the following statements is not true about RNA?
Does not have a double stranded structure
Thymine is present
Does not obey Chargaff’s rule
The sugar contained in RNA is a ribose
13.9. Which of the following is true about Z-DNA helix?
It has alternating GC sequences
It is a permanent conformation of DNA
It tends to be found at the 3’ end of the genes
It has fewer base pairs per turn than B-DNA
13.10. Which of the following statements is true?
The template strand matches the sequence of the RNA transcript
The two strands of DNA run parallel to each other
G-C bonds are much more resistant to denaturation than A-T rich regions
The common form of DNA is left handed.
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