Dental_research_Lay_Vuthy(1-50)
1. What are the programs to use for analyze data?
SPSS program
Epiinfo program
Stata program
All are corrects
2. What is the advantage of using SPSS over calculating statistics by hand?
This is how most quantitative data analysis is done in "real research" nowadays
It reduces the chance of making errors in your calculations
It equips you with a useful transferable skill
All of the above
3. In SPSS, what is the "Data Viewer"?
A table summarizing the frequencies of data for one variable
A spreadsheet into which data can be entered
A dialog box that allows you to choose a statistical test
A screen in which variables can be defined and labeled
4. How is a variable name different from a variable label?
It is shorter and less detailed
It is longer and more detailed
It is abstract and unspecific
It refers to codes rather than variables
5. How would you use the drop-down menus in SPSS to generate a frequency table?
Open the Output Viewer and click: Save As; Pie Chart
Click on: Analyze; Descriptive Statistics; Frequencies
Click on: Graphs; Frequencies; Pearson
Open the Variable Viewer and recode the value labels
6. Why might you tell SPSS to represent the "slices" of a pie chart in different patterns?
Because the program tends to crash if you ask it to use color
Because the patterns form symbolic visual images of different social groups
In order to make full use of the facilities that SPSS can offer
If you do not have a color printer, it makes the differences between the slices clearer
7. When cross-tabulating two variables, it is conventional to:
Represent the independent variable in rows and the dependent variable in columns
Assign both the dependent and independent variables to columns
Represent the dependent variable in rows and the independent variable in columns
Assign both the dependent and independent variables to rows
8. In which sub-dialog box can the Chi Square test be found?
Frequencies: Percentages
Crosstabs: Statistics
Bivariate: Pearson
Gender: Female
9. To generate a Spearman's rho test, which set of instructions should you give SPSS?
Analyze; Crosstabs; Descriptive Statistics; Spearman; OK
Graphs; Frequencies; [select variables]; Spearman; OK
Analyze; Compare Means; Anova table; First layer; Spearman; OK
Analyze; Correlate; Bivariate; [select variables]; Spearman; OK
10. How would you print a bar chart that you have just produced in SPSS?
In Output Viewer, click File, Print, select the bar chart and click OK
In Variable Viewer, open bar chart, click File, Print, OK
In Chart Editor, click Descriptive Statistics, Print, OK
In Data Editor, open Graphs dialog box, click Save, OK
11. What are does DMFT stand for:
Total mean of tooth and Total prevalence of tooth
Total prevalence of tooth
Decay, Missing, Filling and teeth
Decay, Missing, Filling, Surface Decay, Missing, Filling, Surface and Total mean of tooth
12. Which one you use icon for enter data in SPSS Statistic?
Analyze
Transform
Data
All are corrects
13. The key combinations for copying and pasting are:
Ctrl + C and Ctrl + P, respectively
Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V, respectively
Alt + C and Alt + V, respectively
Alt + C and Alt + P, respectively
14. Which of the following statements about the Means... Command is true?:
The Means command will not run at all if there is no grouping variable in the data set
The Means command requires a grouping variable in the data set in order to calculate the group means
The Means command will not run if the data are ordinal
The number of groups must not exceed two
15. What are the main points to write the literature review?
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Where
Literature review which responds to question of When, Where, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, Why, What, How
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, What, Where, Why
16. What is research?
Is systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena
Is systematic and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses
Is critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
Is controlled and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
Is empirical and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena.
17. What are the Important Components of Empirical Research?
Problem statement, research questions, purposes, benefits
Theory, assumptions, background literature
Variables and hypotheses, Data analysis
Conclusions, interpretations, recommendations, Operational definitions and measurement, Research design and methodology, Instrumentation, sampling
All are corrects
18. What is sampling?
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
All are corrects
19. The sampling frame is the list from which the potential respondents are drawn?
Registrar’s office
Class rosters
Must assess sampling frame errors
Registrar’s office, Class rosters
All are corrects
20. How we determine our poplars of interest?
Administrators can help us
We decide to do everyone and go from there
We notice anecdotally or through qualitative research that a particulars subgroup of students is experiencing higher risk
All are corrects
21. How many factors those influence to sampling representativeness?
2
3
4
5
6
22. When might you sample the entire population?
When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is very big, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very low response
When your population is not very small, When you have extensive resources, and When you do expect a very high response
When your population is very big, When you have extensive resources, and When you don’t expect a very low response
23. The sampling process comprises several stages:?
Defining the population of concern, Specifying a sampling frame, a set of items or events possible to measure
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame, Determining the sample size
Implementing the sampling plan, Sampling and data collecting
Reviewing the sampling process
All are corrects
24. What is cross-sectional survey?
There is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, about the problem at one specific point in time
These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the time-sequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a "retrospective" study. This means that (like a detective) you begin at the end, with the disease, and then work backwards, to hunt for possible causes.
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
25. What is cohort survey?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
Is a form of longitudinal or but extend over time study used in medicine, nursing, social science, actuarial science, business analytics
Is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social sciences
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention,
26. What is case-control study?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the time-sequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. it is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
27. What are the diseases and conditions of the oral cavity?
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, injuries, Cancer and neoplastic disease
Systemic disease with intra oral manifestations, occlusal , other pathology of teeth and mucosa
Cancer and neoplastic disease
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, full denture, oral surgery
All are corrects
28. What is the Cluster sampling?
Process of sampling complete group of units.
Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
Process of sampling incomplete group of units
Process of sampling complete group of units and Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
29. What is the convenience sampling?
Method used in order to pilot questionnaires or generate hypotheses for further study
Method used to locate data for development and challenging of hypotheses that derived from previous interviews
This is sampling of subjects for reasons of convenience for easy to recruit, near at hand, likely to respond.
This is selection by count
30. What are the elements in oral health surveys?
Planning, protocol adjustment, Conditions, Selected examiners
Sample size to be represented, epidermiology, Data collection
Equipment, instruments, materials, and Administrative issues, Data collection…
Budget, Equipment, instruments, materials.
All are corrects
31. What are the clinical findings of one tooth?
Cavitated, filled, sealed
Cavitated, filled, non cavitated lesion, sealed, sound
Cavitated, filled, non-cavitated lesion, sealed
Mising teeth,
Fracture teeth
32. Whath is an epidemiology?
The often described as the basic science of public health, and for good reason
The stusy events in specified population
The application of this study to the control of health problems
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
All are correct
33. Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?
Snowball sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
They are all forms of nonrandom sampling
34. When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is called:?
A nonrandom sampling method
A quota sample
A snowball sample
An Equal probability selection method
35. Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?
It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
36. Which of the following will give a more accurate representation of the population from which a sample has been taken?
A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique
A small sample based on simple random sampling
A large sample based on simple random sampling
A small cluster sample
37. Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
38. Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Proportional stratified sampling
39. People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
40. Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom sampling?
Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
41. Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its efficiency?
One stage cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Two stage cluster sampling
Quota sampling
42. The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as
Sampling
Census
Survey research
None of the above
43. Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
Random sampling
44. What is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules?
Sample
Population
Statistic
Element
45. What is a research design?
A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph
A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
46. What is a cross-sectional design?
A study of one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes
One that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
47. Cross cultural studies are an example of:?
Case study design
Comparative design
Experimental design
Longitudinal design
48. What is a sampling frame?
A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey
An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample
A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected
A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers
49. A simple random sample is one in which:?
From a random starting point, every nth unit from the sampling frame is selected
A non-probability strategy is used, making the results difficult to generalize
The researcher has a certain quota of respondents to fill for various social groups
Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected
50. It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:?
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time and money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to generalise the results
All are corrects
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