Lecture 11 & 12 Trauma

What is the goal of psychological debriefing?

To offer practical assistance to children, adolescents, adults, and families

To affirm normal reactions of clients during and after traumatic events

To prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and other negative consequences

To reduce initial distress and foster adaptive coping

To provide immediate emotional and psychological support

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), what is of more value to a person after a recent traumatic experience?

What is the purpose of psychological first aid (PFA)?

To offer practical assistance to children, adolescents, adults, and families

To reduce initial distress, foster adaptive coping, and promote post-traumatic functioning

To affirm normal reactions of clients during and after traumatic events

To provide immediate emotional and psychological support

To prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and other negative consequences

When are shorter-term, brief interventions adequate?

When clients have high risk for developing PTSD or complicated grief

When clients have intense long-term therapy needs

When clients have low to moderate risk for developing PTSD or complicated grief

When clients have mild risk for developing PTSD or complicated grief

When clients have no risk for developing PTSD or complicated grief

What are the elements of a brief intervention?

Reducing initial distress and fostering adaptive coping

Providing immediate emotional and psychological support

Assessing bio-psychosocial needs, providing immediate practical support, and promoting safety

Offering practical assistance to children, adolescents, adults, and families

Affirming normal reactions of clients during and after traumatic events

What is the focus of strengths-based interventions?

Fixing what is damaged or lost

Focusing on what is wrong with a client

Instilling healing and growth

Building on the inherent strengths, coping mechanisms, and resilience of individuals

Promoting wellbeing and flourishing

According to the theory underlying strengths-based interventions, what do inner strengths act as?

A fixed personality trait that each individual has

A shield that protects the individual in times of struggle, trauma, and distress

A resource that helps individuals build on their strengths

A dynamic quality that develops through a contextual process

A reservoir of energies, resources, and competencies

What is the first principle of the strengths-based perspective?

Every individual, group, family, and community has strengths

Counsellors best serve clients by collaborating with them

Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle may be sources of challenge and opportunity

Every environment is full of resources

The upper limits of the capacity to grow are unknown

What is the second principle of the strengths-based perspective?

Every individual, group, family, and community has strengths

Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle may be injurious, but they may also be sources of challenge and opportunity

Counsellors best serve clients by collaborating with them

The upper limits of the capacity to grow are unknown

Every environment is full of resources

What is the third principle of the strengths-based perspective?

Counsellors best serve clients by collaborating with them

Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle may be sources of challenge and opportunity

Every individual, group, family, and community has strengths

The upper limits of the capacity in individuals, groups, and communities to grow are unknown

Every environment is full of resources

What is the goal of psychological debriefing?

To reduce initial distress and foster adaptive coping

To offer practical assistance to children, adolescents, adults, and families

To provide immediate emotional and psychological support

To prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder and other negative consequences

To affirm normal reactions of clients during and after traumatic events

What is a strength in the context of a strengths-based approach?

A fixed personality trait

A resourceful and resilient quality in adverse conditions

A shield that protects the individual in times of struggle, trauma, and distress

An inner quality that each individual has

An inherent quality that develops in a dynamic way through a contextual process

What is Principle 4 of the strengths-based perspective?

Every environment is full of resources

Every individual, group, family, and community has strengths

Trauma, abuse, illness, and struggle may be sources of challenge and opportunity

The upper limits of the capacity in individuals, groups, and communities to grow are unknown

Counselors best serve clients by collaborating with them

What is the role of the counsellor in strengths-based interventions?

To provide immediate emotional and psychological support

To affirm normal reactions of clients during and after traumatic events

To offer practical assistance to children, adolescents, adults, and families

To focus on what is damaged or lost and how it should be fixed

To help clients recognize their strengths and promote their wellbeing and growth

What does a strengths-based approach enable clients to do?

Build on their strengths and see them as resourceful and resilient in adverse conditions

View their strengths as fixed personality traits

Rely on the support and assistance of others

Recognize their weaknesses and limitations

Focus on what is damaged or lost and how it should be fixed

What is the cognitive behavioural tradition (CBT) and how can it be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress?

CBT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the connection between emotions, behaviors, and physical sensations. It cannot be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress.

CBT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the connection between genetics and mental health. It cannot be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress.

CBT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the connection between childhood experiences and adult behaviors. It cannot be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress.

CBT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the connection between spirituality and mental health. It cannot be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress.

CBT is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the connection between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It can be applied in counselling clients with traumatic stress by helping them identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their distress.

What are the goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling?

The goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling are to eliminate all traumatic memories and experiences.

The goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling are to blame the client for their traumatic experiences.

The goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling are to help clients understand the origins and nature of their experiences, normalize their reactions, facilitate the transformation of traumatic memories into normal memories, and re-establish functional core schemas and thinking related to predictability and safety.

The goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling are to ignore the client's traumatic experiences and focus only on their current behaviors.

The goals of CBT in terms of trauma counselling are to change the client's personality completely.

What are the basic principles of CBT?

The basic principles of CBT are that behavior often guides emotions and thinking, behavior is random, and behavior cannot be changed.

The basic principles of CBT are that emotions often guide thinking and behavior, behavior is innate, and behavior cannot be changed.

The basic principles of CBT are that behavior often guides thinking and emotions, behavior is genetic, and behavior cannot be unlearned.

The basic principles of CBT are that thinking often guides behavior and emotions, behavior is determined by the environment, and behavior cannot be unlearned.

The basic principles of CBT are that thinking often guides feeling and behavior, behavior is learned, and behavior can be unlearned.

How can dysfunctional thinking patterns be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing?

Dysfunctional thinking patterns can be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing by avoiding any discussion of the client's negative thoughts and beliefs.

Dysfunctional thinking patterns can be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing by blaming the client for their negative thoughts and beliefs.

Dysfunctional thinking patterns can be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing by helping the client identify and challenge their negative thoughts and beliefs, and replacing them with more realistic and positive ones.

Dysfunctional thinking patterns cannot be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing.

Dysfunctional thinking patterns can be changed to functional ones through cognitive reprocessing by ignoring the client's negative thoughts and beliefs.

How can behaviour that has been learned be unlearned in trauma counselling?

Behaviour that has been learned can only be unlearned through hypnosis.

Behaviour that has been learned can be unlearned in trauma counselling by helping the client identify and challenge their negative reactions to certain triggers, and teaching them alternative ways of responding to those triggers.

Behavior that has been learned can only be unlearned through time.

Behavior that has been learned cannot be unlearned in trauma counselling.

Behavior that has been learned can only be unlearned through medication.

What is the importance of assessment in CBT?

Assessment in CBT is only important for medication management.

Assessment in CBT is only important for research purposes and not for individual therapy.

Assessment in CBT is not important and can be skipped in the therapeutic process.

Assessment in CBT is only important to diagnose mental disorders.

Assessment in CBT is important to understand the individual's triggers, thought changes related to core schemas and thinking patterns, and traumatic stress symptoms. This information helps guide the therapeutic process and tailor interventions to the client's specific needs.

What are some specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences?

Specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences only involve relaxation exercises.

Specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences only involve medication.

There are no specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences.

Some specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences include psycho-education about cognitions, cognitive strategies to reduce anxiety and distress, and introducing information to assist cognitive techniques.

Specific CBT techniques relevant to traumatic experiences only involve exposure therapy.

How can counselling help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers?

Counselling can help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers by forcing them to confront their triggers without any support.

Counselling can help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers by providing medication to suppress the reactions.

Counselling cannot help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers.

Counselling can help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers by providing a safe and supportive environment for exploring and understanding their reactions, identifying the underlying beliefs and thoughts that contribute to the negative reactions, and developing new coping strategies and behaviors.

Counselling can help clients unlearn negative reactions and learn to respond differently to triggers by avoiding triggers altogether.

Lecture 11 & 12 Trauma

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