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Bus Interface Unit (BIU) in 8086/8088 MP:
BIU functions:
Instructions fetch.
Instruction queuing.
Operand fetch and storage.
Address relocatable.
Bus control.
Major parts of BIU:
Instruction Queue: Increases the average speed of program execution by storing up to 4 bytes in 8088 (6 bytes in 8086). This allows the next instructions or data to be fetched from memory while the processor is executing the current instruction. If any instruction takes too long to execute, the queue is filled to its maximum capacity, and the buses will sit idle. The BIU fetches a new instruction whenever a bus has room for 2 bytes.
Segment Registers: The 8086/88 processors have four segment registers (CS, DS, S, and ES), all 16-bit registers used in the process of forming a 20-bit address. A segment is a 64 KB (2^16) block of memory that can begin at any point in the 1 MB of memory space. The four segment registers can be changed by the program to point to other 64 KB blocks
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