GBS 707 Quiz 5

All of the following organs are all part of the classic endocrine system except:

Pituitary

Adrenals

Liver

Thyroid

A molecule must be a peptide to be considered a hormone

True

False

Leptin acts in a _______ manner to elicit its biological action: (mark all correct)

Endocrine

Paracrine

Electromagnetic

JACK/STAT-dependent

Leptin acts directly on this nuclei of the CNS to regulate energy balance: (mark all correct)

Arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus

Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

Nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of the hindbrain

In common obesity, leptin is:

Hyposecreted

Hypersecreted

No longer expressed in adipose tissues

Co-expressed with insulin in pancreatic beta cells

All feeding behaviors are regulated exclusively by neurons of the hypothalamus

True

False

Leptin is a:

Brain region

Hormone

Transcription factor

Lipid species

Which of the following are true

Many neurodegenerative diseases have characteristic protein aggregates

Mitochondrial functions/proteins can be affected by genes or proteins causally linked to neurodegenerative diseases

Mitochondrial DNA mutations are the cause of the all neurodegenerative diseases

None of the above

A and b

Which of the following are following are major components of protein aggregates of some neurodegenrative diseases?

Which of the following is false?

Aggregated or misfolded a-synuclein can impact mitochondrial function

A-synuclein is a characteristic protein aggregate in Parkinson's Disease

A-synuclein is a characteristic protein aggregate in Alzheimer's Disease

Amyloid B is a characteristic of Alzheimer's Disease

Evidence implicating the mitochondrion in Parkinson's Disease (PD) includes:

MPTP, a complex I inhibitor, can cause human parkinsonism

Complex I subunits have increased oxidative damage in human PD brains

Cigarette smoke exposure, a known cause of mitochondrial damage, is also a risk factor for PD

A and b

A and c

Mutations in which genes below have been linked to PD?

Toll like receptor 4

PINK1

MSH1

HTT

Mutations in the parkin gene are dominant (mode of inheritance)

True

False

The effects of PD-linked genetic variants on mitochondrial function

Mitochondrial membrane depolarization

Decreases parkin recruitment to the mitochondrion

Increases parkin recruitment to the mitochondrion

Has no effect on parkin recruitment

Inactivates PINK1 recruitment of parkin

A and d

GBS 707 Quiz 5

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