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ISA QUIZ Part 2

What type of mature tree pruning is specifically done to provide a better view past the tree?

Vista pruning

Crown thinning

Crown reduction

Lion tailing

Healthy fonds on palm trees shall not be removed if they are less than what angle to the stem?

45*

90*

120*

180*

A tree can be defined as decurrent when:

New lateral shoots outgrow the original terminal shoots

Terminal shoots are longer than expected

Narrow tree crown

Strong apical control

What is not a primary function of tree roots?

Conduction

Absorption

Anchorage

Defense

The removal of an excessive amount of inner lateral branches causing a poor distribution of foliage is:

Lion tailing

Crown reduction

Pollarding

Espalier

Fungi can be beneficial to a tree, despite using the tree for food, by aiding in what root function?

Storage

Anchorage

Absorption

Conduction

What is the relationship that must exist between production rates of photosynthesis and respiration?

Respiration > Photosynthesis

Respiration < Photosynthesis

Respiration = Photosynthesis

The tree can survive at any level of relationship

Water movement within the tree between different aged cells is what type of transport?

Axial

Longitudinal

Osmosis

Radial

What wound dressing has been proven to increase the rate of repair?

Tar

Paint

Petroleum solvent

None of the above

What type of cuts are done initially when using pollarding as a pruning technique for young trees?

Internodal

Outernodal

Auxiliary

Dominant

Sterilization of pruning tools is necessary when:

Disease exists in the tree

Only for specific tree types

If the tool has been used before with disease

Tools shall always be sterilized

What type of pruning shears are best suited for growing branches and stems?

Bypasse

Anvil

Ratchets

Loppers

What pruning technique is used to increase light penetration and air movement?

Cleaning

Thinning

Raising

Reduction

What pruning tool is most likely best for branches up to 2½” thick?

Anvil pruning shear

Lopper

Pole pruner

Pruning saw

What is not an acceptable alternative to tree topping?

See if the removal of small branches can solve the issue

Remove a large branch so that another may assume a terminal role

Remove and replace the tree

None of the above

What is the most appropriate space between permanent branches?

1 ft.

2.5 ft.

1% of the longest branch

3% of the tree height

What is the typical minimum clearance from the ground to the lowest permanent branch for a tree which will accommodate pedestrian traffic?

5 ft.

6 ft.

8 ft.

12 ft.

What statement regarding how trees heal is false?

Trees grow over wounds

Smaller cuts are more damaging than larger ones

Wounds stay within the tree forever

Wound dressings are often ineffective

What plant health risk is not an organic threat?

Pathogens

Phytoplasmas

Fungi

Mineral deficiencies

Localized dead stem tissue which may be discolored is what type of tree disorder symptom?

Canker

Blight

Leaf blotch

Dieback

What is the most accurate description of the tree disorder chlorosis?

Drooping of leaves

Swollen plant tissue

Dead areas of tissue on leaves

Yellowing of green tissue

What example of tree stressors can be classified as acute?

Lightning strike

Insufficient soil

Poor light exposure

Poor moisture conditions

What is most likely not a possible cause of deformed leaves?

Spray injury

Air pollution

Anthracnose

Frost

What tree symptom is not likely to be caused by insect infestation?

Leaf droop

Yellow specks

Off-color foliage

Leaves with a scorched appearance

What insect listed below is classified as having piercing or sucking mouthparts?

Leafhoppers

Beetles

Weevils

Borers

What herbicide type eliminates the whole of the plant over a short period of time?

Pre-emergent

Contact

Systemic

Drench

If a tree is suffering from girdling root, what is most likely not an advisable action?

Remove the largest roots first

Remove only the smallest roots

Remove the tree

None of the above

Which of the following is not classified as an insect?

Mites

Beetles

Moths

Caterpillars

What statement below is false regarding vascular disease?

Examples include Dutch elm disease and oak wilt

It is treatable if found in a reasonable timeframe

It affects the flow of water and nutrients

It originates from pathogens entering the plant

Cellulose and lignin are a defense mechanism against predators by what means?

They give off an unfavorable odor

They can’t be digested

They have a poor taste

They are toxic

A tree exhibits wounded areas of the lower trunk and some physical damage to surface roots. What is the most likely cause of the injury?

Frost

Poor soil conditions

Lawnmower or machinery

Disease

What is not one of the primary functions of the energy produced by photosynthesis?

Maintenance

Growth

Aesthetics

Defense

What statement below is true regarding how a tree’s growth rate and photosynthesis rate will react to the amount of available resources?

The growth rate will be limited before the photosynthesis rate

The photosynthesis rate will be limited before the growth rate

The photosynthesis rate and growth rate become hindered equally with limited resources

The photosynthesis rate will not be hindered by limited resources

What single resource has the most detrimental effect on a tree’s ability to perform photosynthesis if limited?

Light

Water

CO2

None of the above

What extract listed below is not an allelochemical classified as a natural insecticide?

Nicotine

Lignin

Rotenone

Neem

A tree is identified as being in the mortality spiral when what has occurred?

The tree has begun to see detrimental stress factors

The tree has seen an isolated but severely detrimental stress factor

Cumulative stress factors have yielded a situation where very few actions can save the tree

Any combination of stress factors has occurred over time

The foundational element of an appropriate response process (ARP) is which of the following?

Monitoring

Immediate action

Establish thresholds

Readily available resources

What is not a characteristic of any organism classified as a pest?

Threatens health or appearance of plants

May also contribute to the surrounding landscape

Provides competition to the local landscape

Diminishes safety or enjoyment of an area

Key stressors are identified by what criteria?

Universally detrimental site conditions

Retroactive analysis of stress

Identifying local pests and conditions which may be detrimental

Species specific historical stressors

Key plants can be identified by which of the following criteria?

Client specific indications

Specific species

Susceptibility to specific pests

All the above

For a threshold temperature of 50o , determine the average degree day unit value for temperatures over a 3-day span of 85o , 76o , and 82o .

22*

26*

31*

45*

What statement regarding landscapes with a monoculture of plantings is true?

They are more susceptible to pest problems

They are less susceptible to pest problems

They are equally as susceptible to pest problems

No correlation exists

What is not one of the three options available for plant health care professionals to manage pests?

Manage

Eradicate

Suppress

Prevent

What is not a means of biological control for pest populations?

Predators

Pathogens

Parasites

Miticides

After application of pesticides, it is found that the original threat has died off, but a new contingency of mites has developed as a threat. This development is classified as which of the following?

Pest insurgence

Pest resurgence

Primary outbreak

Secondary outbreak

What type of alternative pesticide has the potential side effect of phytotoxic injury if used during dry periods?

Insect growth regulator

Microbial

Insecticidal soap

Horticultural oil

When valuing the cost of a tree, when is it most appropriate to use the CTLA trunk formula method?

The tree is below a specific height

Smaller sized trunks

Larger sized trunks

Excessive number of branches

What type of ordinance would stipulate the requirements of trees that fall within two pieces of property?

Right-of-way

Permits

List of acceptable species

Tree preservation order

If a threshold temperature is established as 50* , what is the degree day unit recorded for a day with a temperature of 30*?

20*

-20*

-30*

What is not considered a benefit of trees in an urban setting for environmental advantages?

Improved air quality

Increased runoff for better flow of drainage

Cooling of the air

Better habitats for wildlife

The value of green infrastructure ____________ over time.

Increases

Decreases

Stays stagnant

Has a slight increase and then a gradual decline

A tree is measured to have a drip line to drip line distance of 66 ft. Using a canopy cover estimation of the tree as a circle, how many trees would it take to cover one acre?

What is the commonly accepted reasonable maximum amount of a single plant family within an overall tree population?

10%

30%

50%

60%

What is not a common subcomponent of an urban forest management plan?

Risk management plan

Planting plan

Tree inventory

Emergency response

According to ANSI A300, what is the acceptable situation to remove healthy fronds from a palm tree?

Too long

Needed for clearance

Non-diseased yellowing fronds

Too short

What ANSI A300 defined pruning system is recommended when the objective is a specific shape?

Natural

Pollarding

Espalier

Topiary

What elements of a tree are involved in the sequestering of CO2?

Trunk

Branches

Leaves

All of the above

For proper composting, which of the following is not required to be present?

Pathogens

Microorganisms

Water

Oxygen

Tree preservation orders are established and reinforced by which of the following entities?

International code requirements

Federal regulations

Local authorities

Project-specific specifications

A town has recently acquired a golf course and is deciding how best to proceed with the land. The local tree inventory needs to be updated to fully include the newly acquired assets. What type of inventory needs to occur in this situation?

Random sampling

Partial

Complete

Selective

The generally considered weakest part of a healthy tree is which of the following?

The base of the largest branch

The intersection of codominant stems

The calculated center of gravity

Halfway up the dominant stem

What tree support system material is used for a dynamic support system?

Polypropylene rope

Aircraft cable

7-strand cable

Extra-high-strength cable

What is the recommended minimum distance away from the point of defect that a support cable should be installed?

1/3 the distance from the point of defect to the end of the branch

2/3 the distance from the point of defect to the end of the branch

2 ft. From the end of the branches

At the point of defect

Multiple cables are being installed on a single limb to provide stability to a defective union below. What is the minimum distance between the cables on the same limb if the diameter is 8”?

4”

8”

12’

20”

When installing lag hooks, what is the proper size of the pre-drilled hole?

1/2 of the diameter of the lag

1/16 to 1/8 inch smaller than the lag

1/16 to 1/8 inch larger than the lag

1/4 to 1/2 inch larger than the lag

What situation below is an acceptable application of the use of lags?

In a decayed portion of a tree

Use in a 7” diameter limb

Partial seated lag

Use in a 12” diameter codominant stem

What is the minimum degree of allowance for the angle between a cable and the installed hardware on a tree?

10*

A single rod is to be installed to brace a crotch intersection. The branch diameter is 6” and the trunk diameter is 14”. What is an acceptable height for the rod to be installed above the crotch intersection?

3”

8”

14”

20”

The most likely path of electricity exiting a tree due to a lightning strike is which of the following?

Through the roots

Through the dominant stem

Through the first branch

Through the quickest path possible

What component of a lightning protection system intercepts the strike at the top of the tree?

Conductor

Ground terminal

Air terminal

None of the above

A tree with a crown radius of 25 ft. Is having a lightning protection system installed. What is the required number of conductors?

What statement below is true of a tree’s failure potential?

Related to the complete failure of a specific tree

Is independent of a tree’s species type

Encompasses full and partial failure

Independent of the consequences of failure

The acceptable level of risk for a specific tree is determined by which of the following?

Arborist

Property owner

Local government

National regulations

A tree in a remote area is being evaluated for risk. It is determined that if the tree falls, there is no significant threat to life or property. What is the appropriate level of risk to be assigned to the tree?

None

Low

Moderate

High

What decay indicator listed below indicates that decay may be but is not certainly present?

Mushrooms

Brackets

Open cavities

Bulges

Rot located in the lower portion of the trunk or base of the tree is which of the following?

Basal Rot

Heartwood rot

Trunk rot

Sapwood rot

What tool is best suited for the investigation of suspected decay on major support roots?

Air excavation device

Acoustic measurement device

Increment borer

Resistance recording drill

Reaction wood is a tree’s defense mechanism against which of the following?

Physical damage

Lean

Insufficient light

Decay

What inspection element is least likely not associated with the visual tree assessment?

Presence of lean

Buried root decay

Trunk taper

Crown discoloration

What rot type primarily is associated with the decay of the lignin within cells?

White

Soft

Brown

Heartwood

Which of the following statements are true regarding the use of wood fillers to treat decay cavities?

The wood filler helps to facilitate the growth of healthy wood around the wound

The wood filler is a stronger substitute for the new growth around the wound

The wood filler does little to strengthen the area of decay

Wood filler helps to prevent the spread of decay

When considering the liability of action, negligence occurs when an arborist fails in which of the following ways?

Failure to provide service which leads to or could prevent injury

Breach of contract with a client

Falsely presenting credentials

Improper identification of assets

An “Act of God“ defense is not suitable for which of the following situations?

A known defect causes the failure of a tree

A surrounding tree to the one in question fails

A storm of greater magnitude than expected occurs

An owner refused recommended service and the tree fails due to a storm

What is not one of the three components of the risk assessment for tree failure?

Potential for failure

Potential target of harm

Environmental factors

Structural assessment

What characteristic of a leaning tree is most detrimental to the stability of the tree?

Potential for continued lean

Presence of obstructions

Evidence of root failure

Presence of reaction wood

When using resistance drilling as a means of evaluation, the resistance drilling profile is expected to have a linear relationship with which characteristic of the tree?

Depth

Density

Height

Weight

As per the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form, if a tree is identified as having improbable failure but a high impact rating what is the subsequent likelihood of failure and impact?

Unlikely

Somewhat likely

Likely

Very Likely

A tree protection zone is being installed on a construction site to protect against the damage of a 20-inch diameter tree. What is the minimum diameter of the tree protection zone?

10 ft.

15 ft.

20 ft.

40 ft.

What mitigation technique can reduce the risk of damage to an area that needs a grade lowering around a tree?

Pruning

Tree island

Tree protection zone

Mulching

Mulch used for the reduction of compaction resulting from construction shall be:

Thicker than normal applications

Removed after construction is complete

Used in conjunction with additional weight dispersion methods

All of the above

Installation of tunnels necessary to provide utility lines through an area occupied by a tree is best done by which of the following?

Increasing the depth of soil and tunneling above the root system

Tunnel directly across the root system

Provide a layer of mulching to tunnel through

Tunnel under the tree away from the root system

Compaction during construction has reduced the amount of oxygen available for a tree’s root system. What mitigation technique is least likely to be effective?

Vertical mulching

Fertilizing

Radial trenching

Air excavator

Which of the following risk characteristics are commonly associated specifically with urban areas?

Compaction due to foot traffic

Surrounding tree failure

Tree lean

Branches and stems equal in size

Causation in fact is the linking of an injury or damage related to the failure of a tree to which of the following?

Code compliance

Action of the defendant

Action of the property owner

�Act of God”

What is not a path of failure for a tree that is facing a wind event?

Soil shear

Root tensile break

Root compressive failure

Trunk rotation

A tree’s bark on a limb is damaged by contact with machinery during construction. What is the most appropriate recommended action?

Take no action

Remove damaged or loose bark

Remove damaged or loose bark and any additional bark on the damaged branch

Remove the limb

What is not considered an advantage to the use of drip irrigation?

Decreases the amount of wastewater

Never becomes clogged

Reduces surface compaction

Reduces runoff

What tree type of the options listed below is least suited for use under utility lines?

Deciduous

Shrubbery

Conifers

Any species that would grow above the wires

What is the ideal time to prune trees which have heavy sap flow?

Spring

Fall

Winter

Any time is acceptable

What is not one of the four requirements for a tree disease?

Susceptible host

Existing deformity

Pathogenic organism

Suitable environment

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