Week 2 Terminology: Bacteria an archaea

From the Greek: pre-nucleus

From the Greek: true Nucleus

Method of bacterial reproduction. DNA replicates and the cell splits in two

Bacterial cell wall with complex polysaccharides

Proteins in eukaryotic cell nucleus that package DNA into nucleosomes

Method of eukaryotic cell division

Where an organism generally keeps a single shape, it is said to be:

Where an organism can have many shapes, it is said to be:

A bacterial sugar coat made of extracellular polysaccharides

Loosely attached glycocalyx, allows protection from antibiotics and desiccation

Encases certain bacterial cells, protecting them from phagocytosis, antibiotics and dehydration

Proteinous structure allowing for motility

Movement away or towards a chemical stimuli

Movement away or towards a light source

Hair-like protein structure used for adherence to surfaces

Proteinous structure used for motility and DNA transfer

Abbreviation for N-acetylglucosamine - the carbohydrate backbone of peptidoglycan

N-acetylemuramic acid - The carbohydrate backbone of peptidoglycan

Componenet of Gram +ve cell wall composed of glycerol/ribitol and phosphate. Regulates movement of cations

Waxy lipid in acid fast bacteria. Prevents uptake of dyes

Enzyme that cleaves polysaccharide bonds of peptidoglycan

Concentration of solute outside of a cell equal to that inside the cell

Concentration of solutes outside of cell higher than inside of cell. Cell shrinks

Concentration of solutes outside cell lower than inside cell. Solvent moves in and lyses cell

Nuclear area of prokaryote - single circular DNA molecule attached to cell membrane

Process of forming an endospore

Process of returning from an endospore to a vegetative state

Protein channels in membranes that allow the movement of fluid

Type of archaea- anaerobe that produces methane from CO2 and water

Require high concentrations of salt to survive

Archaea that *require* hot, acidic conditions