Data Communications

1. The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.

2. Before data can be transmitted, they must be transformed to ________.

3. The information to be communicated in a data communications system is the _______.

4. Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the _______ of a network

5. An unauthorized user is a network _______ issue.

6. Which topology requires a central controller or hub?

7. Which topology requires a multipoint connection?

8. Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

9. A television broadcast is an example of _______ transmission.

10. A _______ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

11. In a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single link

12. In _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating devices at all times.

13. In the original ARPANET, _______ were directly connected together.

14. This was the first network.

15. Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field?

16. _______ are special-interest groups that quickly test, evaluate, and standardize new technologies.

17. Which agency developed standards for physical connection interfaces and electronic signaling specifications?

18. _______ is the protocol suite for the current Internet.

19. _______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.

20. ________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that interpretation.

21. _______ refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how fast it can be sent.

22. Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.

23. In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a dedicated link.

24. In a ________ connection, three or more devices share a link.

25. ______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.

26. Devices may be arranged in a _____ topology.

27. A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or campus, or between nearby buildings.

28. A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world.

29. ________ is a collection of many separate networks.

30. There are ______________ Internet service providers.

31. A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.

32. ________ is an idea or concept that is a precursor to an Internet standard.

33. The Internet model consists of _______ layers.

34. The process-to-process delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _______ layer.

35. The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.

36. Mail services are available to network users through the _______ layer.

37. As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.

38. The _______ layer lies between the network layer and the application layer.

39. Layer 2 lies between the physical layer and the _______ layer.

40. When data are transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 4 is read by B's _______ layer.

41. The _______ layer changes bits into electromagnetic signals.

42. Which of the following is an application layer service?

43. Why was the OSI model developed?

44. The _______ model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized.

45. The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.

46. The OSI model consists of _______ layers.

47. In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______.

48. In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.

49. In the OSI model, what is the main function of the transport layer?

50. In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ________ layer.

51. When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?

52. To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host, the _______ address must be consulted.

53. IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses.

54. ICMPv6 includes _______.

55. The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.

56. The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver.

57. The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.

58. The Internetworking Protocol (IP) is a ________ protocol.

59. _______ is a process-to-process protocol that adds only port addresses, checksum error control, and length information to the data from the upper layer.

60. __________ provides full transport layer services to applications.

61. The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.

62. Ethernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the network interface card (NIC).

63. A port address in TCP/IP is ______ bits long.

64. The ____ created a model called the Open Systems Interconnection, which allows diverse systems to communicate.

65. The seven-layer _____ model provides guidelines for the development of universally compatible networking protocols.

66. The physical, data link, and network layers are the ______ support layers.

67. The session, presentation, and application layers are the ____ support layers.

68. The _______ layer links the network support layers and the user support layers.

69. The _______ layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.

70. The _______ layer is responsible for delivering data units from one station to the next without errors.

71. The ______ layer is responsible for the source-to- destination delivery of a packet across multiple network links.

72. The ________ layer is responsible for the process- to-process delivery of the entire message.

73. The ______ layer establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interactions between communicating devices.

74. The _______ layer ensures interoperability between communicating devices through transformation of data into a mutually agreed upon format.

75. The _________ layer enables the users to access the network.

76. TCP/IP is a ______ hierarchical protocol suite developed ____ the OSI model.

77. The TCP/IP _______ layer is equivalent to the combined session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI model.

78. The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.

79. The ____ address uniquely defines a host on the Internet.

80. The_____ address identifies a process on a host.