Blood vessels

Where an artery and a vein directly meet one another, this is known as

An arterial anastomosis

An arteriovenous anastomosis

An arteriole

A venule

If pre capillary sphincters are closed, blood will be redirected via a metarteriole through a ___ to meet the venous system

Arterial anastomosis

Venule

Thoroughfare channel

Lymphatic vessel

Roughly what proportion of the blood is in the systemic venous system

20%

47%

64%

In a resting artery, how may the tunica intima appear

Rippled

Fenestrated

Concentric sheets of smooth muscle

Thick

What is an example of a vasoconstrictor

Nitric oxide

Endothelin

Natriuretic peptides

Anti-angiogenesis factor

Which vessels have internal and external elastic membranes between their tunica layers

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

Where might a fenestrated capillary be found

Skeletal muscle

Kidney

Choroid plexus

Liver

What contributes to total peripheral resistance

Vascular resistance

Blood viscosity

The lymphatic system

Turbulence

Mean capillary pressure is

Less than 20mmHg

Around 20mmHg

Around 100mmHg

Around 200mmHg

Focal calcification is the deposition of calcium salts in the tunica media, and comes about from the

Deposition of lipids

Degradation of smooth muscle

Increase in dopamine

Overuse of the Valsalva manoeuvre

An oedema is the

Deposition of lipids in the tunica media

Bursting of the blood vessel

Pooling of blood around vein valves

Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid

The Valsalva manoeuvre is used to check peripheral vasoconstriction by

Forcing an increase in thoracic pressure

Decreasing venous return

Forcing a decrease in thoracic pressure

Increasing venous return

Causing blood pressure in the heart to drop

Causing blood pressure in the heart to rise

What type of neurons does vasoconstriction tend to be brought about by

Cholinergenic

Nitrooxidergic

Adrenergic

Which of these causes vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II

ADH

EPO

Natriuretic peptides

Low renal blood pressure causes the release of renin, which stimulates the synthesis of

ADH

Natriuretic peptides

Angiotensin II

EPO

Natriuretic peptides are produced upon

Low oxygen concentration

High stretching of the heart walls

Low renal blood volume

Increased concentration of Na+ in blood

Roughly how much of the total blood volume is in the pulmonary system

14%

25%

Blood vessels

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