152 medsurg
What is the signs and symptoms of Ulcerative colitis
5 to 10+ stools daily > fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Bloody or pus diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Heart attack
Fecal urgency
Rectal bleeding > anemia
Anorexia
Weight loss
Cramping
Bloating
Vomiting
Dehydration
Diet or psychological stress
Complications of ulcerative colitis
Hemorrage
Toxic megacolon
Perforation
Stoke
Peritonitis
Osteoporosis
Heat imbalance
What a signs of a GI bleed
Slight weakness
Diaphoresis
Peppermint
Hypovolemic shock
Fluid overload
Weak pulse
Chills and palpations
BRB lower GI Bleed
Coffee ground vomit
Dark blood upper GI Bleed
Appendicitis (Assessment)
Palpation of McBurney’s Point midway between the umbilicus and the right iliac crest
Hypertension
Blood glucose
Pain level
Signs of Appendicitis
Fever, elevated wbc
Nausea, vomiting anorexia
Roving's sign- pain is felt in right lower quadrant when left lower quadrant is palpated
Keep the right leg flexed for comfort
Diarrhea
Rebound tenderness
What labs to check for Pancreatitis
Serum Amylase & Blood lipase
WBC count & Platelets
Blood glucose
Blood calcium and magnesium Blood liver enzymes and bilirubin
Balances and create nutrients
Hyperventilation, and confusion.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
Blood liver enzymes and bilirubin
What are the functions of the liver
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Amino Acid Metabolism
Synthesis of Plasma Proteins
Lipid Metabolism
Phagocytosis by Kupffer Cells
Formation of bilirubin
Storage : Vitamins A, D, E, K, fat soluble and water soluble B-12
Hepatorenal syndrome
Detoxification-of toxic chemicals;
Activation of Vitamin D
What is cirrhosis patho
Healthy liver cells exposed to toxins become inflamed
Controls Cholesterol hormones
Flapping tremors in the hands caused by toxins at peripheral nerves
Scared tissue chronic live disease
Complications of the cirrhosis
Clotting defect
Portal hypotension
Hepatorenal syndrome
Hypoglycemia
ascities
Encephalopathy
Purpose of lactose
To get rid of milk
To reduce the amount of ammonia levels in the blood
To help with diarrhea
To help bg
Sign of hepatic encephalopathy
Early: personality, fatigue, drowsiness, and changes in handwriting
Stupor and confusion: belligerent, irritable and develops asterixis, muscle twitching, hyperventilation, and confusion.
Comatose: loses consciousness and becomes comatose.
Portal hypertension
Asterixis (flapping tremors in the hands caused by toxins at peripheral nerves)
fetor hepaticus (foul breath caused by metabolic end products related to sulfur).
Hypotension
Confusion
Complications of post biopisy
Bleeding
Infection
Accidental injury
Headache
Pain
After the position they should be put on their right side to prevent bleeding
Recommended diet for someone with cholecystitis
Eat a high-fiber diet with complex carbohydrates (whole grains, fruits, and vegetables)
Chocolate Gravies Fried foods
Eat healthy fats, such as low-fat dairy products, lean meats, healthy monounsaturated fats (avocado and nuts), and polyunsaturated fats (vegetable oils and fish)
Small frequent meals
Take fat soluble vitamins or bile salts
Client education for someone receiving a Lower GI with barium
Clear liquids only be consumed 24 hours before the test
NPO 8 hours before the test
Lifestyle Changes
Low-residue diet
Increase fluids because it'll get hard
Client education for GERD
Lifestyle changes
Raise the head of the bed
Eat at dinner time
Avoid smoking
Small meals
Maintain BMI
Diet recommendations for GERD
Avoid ETOH
Avoid chocolate
Avoid candy
Avoid soda
Avoid coffee
Avoid perppermint
Peptic ulcer treatment
Antibiotics
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Pepticuitis
Histamine H2 Antagonists
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
Nitrogen
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Antacids
Steroids
Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum cavity signs and symptoms
Boardlike abdominal rigidity
Severe abdominal pain
Headache
Rebound tenderness
Decreased peritalsis
Nausea/vomiting
Fever>100
Chest pain
Hiatal Hernia – Stomach is bulging through diaphragm CLIENT EDUCATION
Lose weight
Chew food completely
Exercise
Antacids
No reclining 1 hour after eating
Raise head of bed 6-12ins
Hiatal Hernia foods to avoid
Eating 3 hours before bedtime
Spicy foods, citrus, tomato products
Alcohol
Caffeine
High fiber foods
NG tube conformation
Check Placement X-ray is definitive conformation
Check residual- check q 4hr
Check stomach acid
Diarrhea Complications
Dehydration & fluid imbalanced
Hypokalemia
White blood cells
Hypovolemia
Fecal urgency
Diarrhea treatment
Replace fluids/electrolytes
Increase fiber/bulk
Diphenoxylate (lomotil)
Avoid sun light
Probiotic (lactinex)
Protect skin
Antimicrobial agents for infection
Hand hygiene
Limit coffee
Constipation treatment
High-fiber diet
2–3 L fluid daily
Strengthening of abdominal muscles
Stomach pain
Ulcers
Bulk-forming agents
Stool softeners
Laxatives
What are the measurements of bmi
Overweight 25-29.9
Obese 30 & greater
Underweight < 18.5
Normal weight 18.5-24.9
Underweight <16.9
Overweight 40 & greater
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