BIO— DNA Quiz

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribose Nitrogen Adenine

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Deoxyribose Nucleus Acids

TRUE OR FALSE: Scientists originally thought that protein (not DNA) was the molecule of heredity.

True

False

When did Frederick Griffith's experiment take place?

1957

1939

1928

What was the difference between the R (rough) and S (smooth) strains of bacteria used in Frederick Griffith's experiments?

R is temperate (doesn't kill), and S is virulent (lethal)

R is virulent (lethal), and S is temperate (doesn't kill)

Nothing, they are the same

How could one summarize Griffith's experiment?

He tested different strains of R and S bacteria on mice to find out which was lethal and which was temperate

He injected a mixture of R and S strains into mice, which resulted in the death of the mice

Both of the above

What did Griffith conclude from his experiments?

The S strain killed the R strain, making the bacteria lethal

A transformation occurred; something passed on from one strain to another

Neither of the above

When did Oswald Avery's experiments occur?

1944

1969

1933

What was the goal of Avery's experiments?

To fix Griffith's incorrect conclusion

To determine which molecule in heat-killed bacteria was most important for transformation

To create a model of DNA structure, according to Chargaff's rule

What did Avery conclude from his experiment?

DNA is the molecule responsible for transformation

Protein is the molecule responsible for transformation

Nitrogen bases are the molecules responsible for DNA transfer

When did Erwin Chargaff perform his famous experiments?

1940

1974

1950

Describe the "rule" that Erwin Chargaff created as a result of his experiments with different organisms.

When did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase conduct their experiments?

1938

1952

1940

Why did Hershey & Chase use radioactive substances on the viruses they experimented with?

In order to "mark" them and track which molecule is which

To make sure they aren't prone to react negatively to radioactive substances

Neither of the above

What was the conclusion of the Hershey Chase experiment?

Chargaff's rule is wrong

A model of transformation based on Griffith's findings

DNA is the transforming factor found in genes, not proteins

When did Rosalind Franklin's experiments take place?

1952

1915

1981

What did Rosalind Franklin do during her experiment?

Use X-ray beams to take a picture of DNA's shape

Observe the scattering of DNA molecules

Both of the above

What was the outcome of Franklin's experiment?

A detailed model of DNA structure that proved Chargaff's rule wrong

Clues (not all details) about DNA structure that could be used in later experiments

A model of transformation based on Griffith's findings

What three components are nucleotides made of?

Lipids, phosphate groups, and hydrogen

Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases

Purine bases, pyrimidine bases, and nitrogen

What are purine bases?

2-ring nitrogen bases that tend to be larger than pyrimidine bases

Adenine & Guanine

Both of the above

What are pyrimidine bases?

Single-ring nitrogen bases that tend to be smaller than purine bases

Thymine & Cytosine

Both of the above

TRUE OR FALSE: There are only two bonds connecting guanine and cytosine, and three connecting adenine and thymine.

True

False

What is the first step of DNA replication?

Complementary bases are added

DNA "unzips"

Termination

What occurs during DNA "unzipping"?

Special enzymes break H-bonds and open DNA

Semiconservative replication

Neither of the above

What is the name of the enzyme which breaks H-bonds?

Deoxyribose

Lead

Helicase

What is added during the second step of DNA replication to "complete" the new strands?

Complementary bases (A to T, G to C, T to A, C to G)

Old strands of DNA from previous replications

Nothing; they stay incomplete

What is the difference between a lead and a lag?

The lag shows the way and is read continuously, whereas a lead is discontinuously read

They are the same

The lead shows the way and is read continuously, whereas a lag is discontinuously read

TRUE OR FALSE: During termination, the process stops after semiconservative replication combines old strands with new strands.

True

False

Who was credited with successfully creating a model of DNA structure?

Watson & Crick

Hershey & Chase

Rosalind Franklin

Was Watson & Crick's DNA model based off of both Irwin Chargaff's and Rosalind Franklin's work?

Yes

How did Watson & Crick describe DNA structure as?

A triple helix

A double helix

A twisted line

BIO— DNA Quiz

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