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Treatment of heart failure include all of the followings except:

Diuretics

ACE inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers

B-blockers

Management of heart failure includes:

SGLT2 (Sodium-glucose transporter 2) inhibitors

MRA (Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists)

B-Blockers

All of the above

Most common cause of right-heart failure is?

Pulmonary parenchymal disease

Pulmonary vascular disease

Left heart failure

Any of the above

The following medications have been shown to improve mortality in congestive heart failure except:

ACE inhibitors

B blockers

Digoxin

Hydralazine/Nitrates combination therapy

Symptoms of congestive heart failure despite normal left ventricular ejection fraction occur with thefollowing conditions except

in the treatment of cardiac failure associated with acute pulmonary edema all are true except

Controlled oxygen therapy should be initiated

Morphine reduces anxiety and dyspnea

Furosemide therapy given intravenously reduces preload and afterload

ACE inhibitors decrease the afterload

Bilateral symmetrical pitting edema of lower limbs may be caused by the following?

Liver cirrhosis with hepatocellular failure

Congestive heart failure

Filariasis

Nephrotic syndrome

A palpable left parasternal impulse suggests which abnormality?

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Aortic stenosis

Aortic regurgitation

Which of the following statements about beta blockers in HF is false?

Hould be initiated in low doses

Pward titration at 2-week intervals

Maximum dose as reported effective in clinical trials

None of the above

Diastolic heart failure is differentiated from systolic heart failure by?

Ejection fraction

Symptoms and signs

ECG findings

None of the above

Complications of heart failure include all of the following EXCEPT:

Hyponatremia

Impaired liver function test

Hypertension

Sudden cardiac death

Which of the following is not a mechanism by which beta-blockers relieve angina

Decreasing heart rate which decreases oxygen demand

Decreasing contractility which decreases oxygen demand

Lowering blood pressure which decreases LV pressure in turn decreasing wall stress which decreases oxygen demand

Increasing oxygen supply via arterial vasodilation

Which of the following is true for unstable angina (UA)?

Occurs at least lasting > 10 minutes

New onset angina pectoris

Occurs with a crescendo pattern

All of the above

What is the clinical term for angina caused by coronary artery spasm?

Classic angina

Myocardial infarction

Prinzmetal angina

Unstable angina

Drug of choice in post myocardial infarction hypertensive patient is?

B-blockers

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Calcium Channel blocker

Diuretics

All of the following are risk factors for ischemic stroke EXCEPT?

Smoking

Hypertension

Contraceptive pills

Low salt diet

Drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction includes the following except:

Aspirin

Calcium antagonists

ACE inhibitors

B-blockers

In a case of acute myocardial infarction (MI) which of the following is used as reperfusion therapy:

Clopidogrel

Aspirin

Streptokinase

Warfarin

Treatment of myocardial infarction (MI):

Aspirin and streptokinase are more effective than cither alone after MI

Thrombolysis doesn't improve short-term complications or mortality after MI C. ACE inhibitors improve outcome after MI for patients with ventricular dysfunction

ACE inhibitors improve outcome after MI for patients with ventricular dysfunction

HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor therapy is contraindicated for patients after MI.

Which enzyme rises earliest in acute myocardial infarction?

Alanine aminotransferase

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Troponin I

Lactate dehydrogenase

As regard the pain of myocardial ischemia the following are true except:

Is typically induced by exercise and relieved by rest

Radiates to the neck and jaw

Easily distinguished from esophageal pain

Worsens as exercise continues

The pain of myocardial ischemia all the following except:

Is typically induced by exercise and relieved by rest

Radiates to the neck and jaw

Easily distinguished from esophageal pain

Worsens as exercise continues

All of the following therapies have been associated with improved mortality after myocardial infarction except

Which of the following is not a risk factor for Coronary heart disease in both men & women?

Elevated cholesterol levels

Elevated total triglyceride

Hypertension

Smoking

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes?

ST-segment elevation MI

Non-ST-segment elevation MI

Unstable angina (UA)

All of the above

A 35-year-old woman presents for evaluation of frontal chest pain. She has had good health except for coryza and cough 1 week ago. Her chest pain is sharp, worse with deep inspiration and better when she leans forward. Her pulse is 96 and BP is 120/70 Her cardiac examination is remarkable for triphasic rub, Her EGG shows diffuse ST segment elevation

A. The next step in this patient's diagnosis should be:

Urgent cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography

Transthoracic echocardiography

Outpatient therapy directed at treatment of symptoms

Typical features of complete heart block include:

Wide pulse pressure

Irregular cannon 'a' waves

An increase in pulse rate with deep respiration

A mid-diastolic murmur over the apex

For heart rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation, all of the following drugs ear be used except

Digoxin

Beta blockers

Calcium channel blockers

Spironolactone

In patients of mitral stenosis (MS) with atrial fibrillation (AF), thrombi arise more frequently from?

Mitral valve leaflets

Left atrial appendage

Chordae tendineae

Mitral commissures

Anticoagulants should be administered for how long to patients with Mitral Stenosis who have atrial fibrillation?

At least 3 months

At least 6 months

At least 1 year

Life long

Anticoagulant therapy is indicated in all the following EXCEPT:

Patients with prosthetic mitral valve replacement

Patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation

Patients with atrial fibrillation and previous cerebrovascular stroke

Patients with heart failure and hypertension

Which arrhythmia develops most oftenly in patient with mitral stenosis

The most important sign in diagnosis of mitral stenosis is

Ejection systolic murmur

Mid diastolic murmur

Mid systolic click

Pan systolic murmur

Physical examination in patients with mitral stenosis reveals:

Muffled first heart sound

Ejection systolic murmur over pulmonary area

Pansystolic murmur over the apex

Rumbling early diastolic murmur over apex

Which is NOT a cause of sinus bradycardia?

Myxedema

Complete heart block

Obstructive jaundice

Increased intracranial tension

Hill's sign (an exaggerated difference in systolic arterial pressure between upper and lower limbs) is diagnostic of?

Aortic regurgitation

Aortic stenosis

Mitral stenosis

Mitral regurgitation

Mechanisms generating tachycardic arrhythmias include all the following EXCEPT:

Impaired AV nodal conduction

Accelerated automaticity

Triggered activity

Re-entry (or circus movements

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