KIN 2600 Tests 1, 2 and 3 Review
The Scientific Method...
Is unnecessary if something can be easily observed.
Only applies to sciences such as chemistry and biology.
does not require experimentation.
Is a structured process of examining a hypothesis or question of interest.
A research question is the same as a hypothesis.
True
False
A theory...
Is an idea that has been proven.
Can be accepted as fact if it has been around long enough.
A belief regarding a concept.
Tastes like chicken.
A working/research hypothesis...
Is a structured process of examining a idea or question of interest.
Is always correct.
Predicts relationships or difference.
Unnecessary when you have already have a theory.
A null hypothesis...
is the same as a theory.
Can not be proven.
Cancels out a theory.
Predicts no relationship or difference between groups.
(Select all that apply) Planning your research...
Helps narrow the scope of the research.
Establishes feasibility.
Mitigates confounding factors/limitations
Is unnecessary if past research has already been done.
Confounding factors/limitations refers to:
Outside variables/elements that may effect our results
The variables we are looking at in our experiment
Past research
Variables that are only identified after our experiment
Background information such as demographics and characteristics of the participants involved a study/experiment is information that has no bearing on the outcome of the study.
True
False
Issues of accuracy can come from...
lies told by the participants.
Data made up by the person conducting the experiment.
improper procedures for measuring variables.
All of the above.
(Select all appropriate answers) Written Research Reports...
Contribute to the scientific community
Disclose the approach used.
Are unnecessary if a presentation is prepared.
Create a system of checks and balances.
In what way does disclosure of methods and procedures lend credibility to an experiment?
It shows that you actually conducted an experiment.
It follows APA guidelines.
Creates a clear path so that your experiment can be replicated in order to achieve the same results.
APA is used as a standard for most scientific writing, because it... (select all that apply)
Creates rules of style.
Provides a structure for a written report.
Optimizes navigation.
Uses simple bullet point lists rather than paragraphical writing.
Creates uniformity in scientific writing.
APA style was developed by...
The American Physiological Association.
The Association of Psychotic Americans.
The American Psychological Association
The American Publication Association.
The American Dodgeball Association of America
The four main sections of an APA paper are:
Title page, abstract, main body, references
Title page, introduction, main body, references
introduction, abstract, main body, references
Title page, abstract, methods, conclusion
According to APA style a "running head" should be placed on every page of a written report inside the footer.
True
False
An abstract is...
A hypothesis that makes sense in theory.
A style of art popularized by Salvador Dali.
A succinct summary.
A theory that has yet to be proven.
All main sections of an APA paper should start on their own page. In order to do this which fun
insert blank page
Insert page break
Pressing enter until a new page is reached
Open a new document
(Select all that apply) Oral reports/presentations...
Are another method of discourse.
Can be creative.
Reach a wider audience.
Take more time view/consume than written reports.
Which of these is not one of the "8 Public Speaking Competencies"?
Organizational strategy.
Vocal variety.
Broad topic.
Articulation
When speaking to an engaged audience, what percentage of the time is the audience listening?
90
60
80
50
Full sentences should always be used on slides in a PowerPoint presentation.
True
False
"Vocal variety" refers to: (select all that apply)
Changes in volume
Changes in tone
Use of slang
Eye contact
In PowerPoint, "transitions" refers to motion applied to objects on a slide.
True
False
In Microsoft Office Suite programs, there are "tabs" the run across the top of each program. When you open/click each tab, a new set of options/menus appear. The options, which span the width of the program are referred to as the...
String.
Ribbon.
Menu.
Are you still reading this?
Correlation is used to determine the strength to which x __________ y.
Predicts
Influences
Affects
Determines
Match the term with it's definition.
Arranges raw data in a way that is pertinent to the overall purpose of the experiment. Example: Male vs. Female or Age in ascending order
Match the term with it's definition.
Combines text across any number of selected cells and aligns it in the middle.
Match the term with it's definition.
The variable that stands alone and is used to predict the other
Match the term with it's definition.
Visual representation of a correlation analysis.
Match the term with it's definition.
Adjust minimum and maximum bounds of y- and x-axis values.
Find the null hypothesis for a study involving the following variables:
Thigh circumference
Vertical jump power
The larger your thigh the higher you can jump.
There is no correlation between thigh circumference and vertical jump power. Any association is due to random occurrence.
Thigh circumference has no effect on vertical jump power.
Thigh circumference cancels out vertical jump power.
There is no effect between thigh circumference and vertical jump power. Any association is due to random occurrence.
Which is NOT a measure of central tendency?
Median
Mode
Mean
Range
The r-value between age and college GPA is -0.7
What is the degree and type of this correlation?
Strong positive correlation
No correlation
Moderately negative correlation
Strong negative correlation
Select ALL tables required (at minimum) for a statistical Excel sheet.
Statistical Data
Raw Data
Descriptive Statistics
Raw Chicken
Statistical Analysis
Descriptive Analysis
A researcher would like to investigate how diet may affect the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Using the variables below, identify the independent and dependent variables of this study.
Variables:
Hypertension rate
Daily sodium intake
Dependent: Hypertension rate. Independent: Daily Sodium Intake
Independent: Hypertension rate. Dependent: Daily Sodium Intake
A negative correlation indicates that the variables are decreasing together.
True
False
What are the 3 components of a working hypothesis?
Independent, Dependent, Test
Variables, Correlation, Direction
Variables, Test, Theory
Variables, Expectation, Relationship
Variables, Type of Interaction, Direction
Assume the following for a given data set:
Max = 41
Min = 12
How should you formulate range to account for any future changes made to the data set?
=41-12
=[cell containing max formula] - [cell containing min formula]
=range(
=[cell containing max from raw data] - [cell containing min from raw data]
Match the cursor type with its function.
Selecting cells for editing (such as Bolding, Copying or Cutting, or Deleting)
Match the cursor type with its function.
Autofill
On a scatterplot each dot represents:
the intersection of two variables
A piece of data
A variable
A number
An independent variable can not change in value.
True
False
When graphing the dependent variable is placed on the X axis.
True
False
On a bar graph the bars typically represent which type of value:
Standard deviation
Mode
Maximum
Average
Which one of the following is not a component of Excel:
Workbook
Pages
Ribbon
Cells
Sheets
What is the correlation function within Excel:
=correl(variable 1, variable 2)
=correl(array1, array2)
Correl(variable1, variable2)
=correl(x,y)
When doing our statistical analysis, a negative r-value means confounding factors have impacted our study.
True
False
Select the correct definition for variance:
Average of the sum of the squared differences from the mean
The squared sum of the differences from the mean
average of the difference from the mean
The standard deviation from the mean
Match the term with its definition.
Visual representation of the difference between means.
Match the term with its definition.
The hypothesis we reject or accept based on the p-value.
Match the term with its definition.
The criteria for statistical significance.
Match the term with its definition.
When the larger variance is more than 2 times greater than the smaller variance.
What is the purpose of running a t-test and finding a p-value?
So we can accept our hypothesis
To determine significance
To determine correlation
So we may compare p to the variance
To find a p-value
Match the term with its definition.
The critical value/threshold to which we compare the p-value.
Select the null hypothesis for significant difference with the following variables:
Lung capacity
Athlete (basketball players and swimmers, specifically).
There is no correlation between lung capacity and the type of athlete.
There is no effect between thigh circumference and vertical jump power. Any association is due to random occurrence.
There is no significant difference in lung capacity between basketball players and swimmers. Any difference seen is due to chance.
Swimmers have a better lung capacity than basketball players.
There is no significant difference between lung capacity and athletes. Any difference seen is due to chance.
Select the names of the types of t-test in the proper order.
Before and After, Independent Groups of Equal Variance, Independent Groups of Unequal Variance
Paired, Independent Groups of Equal Variance, Independent Groups of Unequal Variance
Paired, Independent Groups of Unequal Variance, Independent Groups of Equal Variance
1, 2, 3
Paired, Equal Variance, Unequal Variance
Select the correct statement regarding these to variances:
A: .1203
B: .341
These are equal variances. Variance B is less than 2 times variance A.
These are equal variances. Variance A is less than two times variance B.
These are unequal variances. Variance A is more than two times variance B.
These are unequal variances. Variance B is more than two times variance A.
These are unequal variances as they are both greater than alpha of .05.
You are determining the effectiveness of The New Diet on a group of participants.
The p-value = .01
Alpha =.05
Select the appropriated interpretation that includes all 5 components of the interpretation template.
Note: These are shortened interpretations.
P is less than alpha, there is significance. We reject the null. The difference is due to the diet, not due to chance. This could be due in part to one group exercising more than the other during the diet.
P is less than alpha, there is significance. We accept the null hypothesis. The difference is due to chance, not due to the diet as expected. This could be due in part to participants increasing their exercise during the diet.
P is less than alpha, there is significance. We reject the null. The difference is due to the diet, not due to chance. This could be due in part to participants increasing their exercise during the diet.
P is less than alpha, there is significance. We reject the null. The difference is due to the diet, not due to chance. This could be due in part to participants watching what they eat..
P is less than alpha, there is no significance. We accept the null hypothesis. The difference is due to the diet, not due to chance. This could be due in part to participants increasing their exercise during the diet.
If alpha of .05 represents a 5% allowance for error, then the other remaining 95% is known as:
Standard Deviation
Variance
Level of Confidence
R-value
True of false: For the following experiment, you must use a type 2 t-test to determine the p-value.
Comparison of student grades from a morning class and an afternoon class to determine if time affects student performance.
True
False
A p-value represents:
The possible reason for the difference of the means
The possibility of interaction
The probability of error
The probability of confidence
The bars on a bar graph represent which value:
The level of error
The range
The mean
The variance
The error bars are shown on a bar graph to represent:
The level of confidence
The range
The mean
The standard deviation
If p=.01 we would state that we accept our working hypothesis within our interpretation.
True
False
What is the ttest function in Excel?
=correl(array1, array2)
Ttest(array1,array2,type,tails)
=ttest(array1,array2,type,tails)
=ttest(array1,array2,tails,type)
=ttest(array1,array2,2,type)
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