Ch 19 - blood vessels | Super Survey Maker

Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance?

Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood?

Sinusoid capillary

Fenestrated capillary

Continuous capillary

Capillary with intercellular clefts found in the skin and muscles?

Fenestrated capillary

Sinusoid capillary

Continuous capillary

Capillary that have a discontinuous, incomplete basement membrane?

Sinusoid capillary

Fenestrated capillary

Continuous capillary

Capillary found where active capillary absorption of filtrate occurs?

Continuous capillary

Fenestrated capillary

Sinusoid capillary

Results from heart inability to sustain adequate circulation due to myocardial damage?

Cariogenic shock

Vascular shock

Circulatory shock

Hypovolemic shock

Due to inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs

Vascular shock

Circulatory shock

Hypovolemic shock

Cardiogenic shock

Normal blood volume but poor circulation due to extreme vasodilation?

Circulatory shock

Hypovolemic shock

Cariogenic shock

Vascular shock

The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is termed autoregeneration

True

False

Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart

True

False

Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move through the capillary membrane

True

False

Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid

True

False

The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole

True

False

Reduction in the concentration of albumin in blood plasma would suffer capillary exchange by ____

Increasing hydrostatic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases

Increasing hydrostatic pressure and edema will occur

Decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases

Decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur

If a person were to have substantial blood loss you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to except one. Select the least likely response to substantial blood loss

Increases peripheral resistance

Increasing vasomotor tone

Decreased heart rate

A weak, threaded pulse

During a marathon which of the following hormones is least likely to be released by the runner?

Epinephrine

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Angiotensin II

If a person stands up suddenly from the prone (lying) position they may feel a sudden dizzy or lightheadedness. Which of the following is the least likely physiological response to this situation?

Increasing peripheral resistance due to vasoconstriction

Increases sympathetic output to the heart

Increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart

Faster heart rate and greater heart contractility

A drug that restricts the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) would like result in all of the following physiologic changes but one. Which of the following is the least likely to result from a drug blocking ACE activity?

Increased urine output to reduction in circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Lower levels of circulating aldosterone and lowered sodium reabsorption

Increased thirst and higher blood volume

Decreased peripheral resistance due to decreases vasomotor tone

The aorta receives the full force of blood exiting the heart during ventricular systole. Which of the following statements best describes the adaptive anatomy of the aorta?

Smooth muscle is relatively thin in the aorta to increase lumen size and systemic blood flow

The aorta's tunica media is thick with dense regular connective tissue to withstand the blood's pressure

Elastic fibers are extensive in the tunic media of the aorta and dampen the pulse pressure generated by the heart

The tunica external of the aorta is nearly absent compared ti other vessels

Which of the following statements is not true of the precapillary sphincters

They increase or decrease rates of perfusion to the tissues served by the true capillaries

They decrease the osmotic pressure in the thoroughfare channel

They allow blood to bypass the true capillaries that are fed by the metarteriole

They regulate the flow of blood to tissues served by the true capillaries

Which of the following would not promote filtration from the arteriole end of the capillary bed?

Increasing plasma protein concentration

Reducing hydrostatic pressure within the interstitial fluid

Relaxing precapillary sphincters

Increasing blood pressure

Which of the following would not promote reabsorption from the venous end of the capillary bed?

Increasing solute concentration in the plasma of the circulating blood

Increasing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid

Reducing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid

Decreasing hydrostatic pressure of the blood

In general it is expected that ____

Hydrostatic pressure will rise as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

Hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed

Osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end

Hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

In general it is expected that ____

Osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed

Hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed

Osmotic pressure will be higher in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end

Osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end

Which of the following is most likely to occur in the arteriovenous shuts present in the blood vessels of the finger types and toes?

Colder temperatures will result in vasoconstriction in the arteriovenous shuts

Exercise will result in vasoconstriction in the arteriovenous shuts

Colder temperatures will result in vasodilation in the arteriovenous shuts

Warmer temperatures will result in vasoconstriction in the arteriovenous shuts

Which of the following best describes the benefit of the vasomotor process?

It decreases hydrostatic pressure while also increasing osmotic pressure to enhance reabsorption

It lowers blood's pressure by reducing the distribution of blood flow to all of the tissues in the capillary bed

It provides a balance between adequate perfusion to all of the tissues while maintaining blood's pressure

It allows for rapid increase in blood flow to vital organs during fight or flight response

Which of the following would have the least influence on blood pressure?

White blood cell count

Blood volume

Cardiac output

Peripheral resistance

The velocity and pressure of blood is slowest and lowest in the capillary beds. Which of the following is not an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds?

Slower blood flow through capillaries allows more time for diffusion to take place in the capillary bed.

Lower pressure reduces the chance of injury to delicate capillary vessels

Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venus circulation

Lower pressure on the venus end of the capillary bed allows for greater reabsorotion of fluid back to the plasma

Which of the following chemicals effects blood pressure for both the short and long term?

Angiotensin II

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Aldosterone

Nitric acid

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart

All contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood

All carry oxygenated blood to the heart

Only large arteries are lines with endothelium

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ____

Capillaries

Arterioles

Veins

Arteries

Each of the following describes the action of aldosterone except one. Which of the following does not describe the activity of aldosterone hormone?

It will reduce urine output

It promotes an increase in sodium reabsorption from the kidney to the blood

It promotes an increase in blood pressure

It will result in higher sodium levels in the urine

The pulse pressure is ___

Systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure

Diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)

Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

Systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

They distribute blood to various parts of the body

The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter

Their prime function is the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells

They contain a large quantity of elastic tissue

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

Baroreceptor-initiated reflexes

Neural controls

Renal regulation

Chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes

Peripheral resistance ___

Decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel

Increases as blood viscosity increases

Increases as blood vessel diameter increases

Is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

Brain blood flow autoregulation ____

Is controlled by cardiac centers in the pons

Causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels in response to a drop in systemic blood pressure

Is less sensitive to pH than to a decreased oxygen level

Is abolished when abnormally high CO2 levels persist

Blood flow to the skin ___

Is controlled mainly by decreasing pH

Is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells

Increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze

Increases when environmental temperature rises

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (for imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

Hydrostatic pressure only

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

Plasma and formed element concentration

Blood volume and viscosity

Which of the following is the most significant source of blood flow resistance?

Blood vessel diameter

Blood viscosity

Total blood vessel length

Blood vessels type

Mechanisms that do not help regulate blood pressure include ____

Chemical controls such as atrial natriuretic peptide

Nervous control that operates via reflex arcs involving baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers

Renal regulation via the renin-angiotensin system of vasoconstriction

The dural sinus reflex

The velocity of blood flow is ____

In direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels

Slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter

Slower in the arteries than in the capillaries because arteries possess a relatively large diameter

Slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional areas is the greatest

The short term controls of blood pressure, meditated by the nervous system and blood borne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which of the following?

Reflex arcs involving baroreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Reflex arcs associated with vasomotor fibers

Altering blood volume

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

Changes in arterial pressure

A decrease in oxygen levels

An increase in oxygen levels

A decrease in carbon dioxide

Ch 19 - blood vessels

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