PARASITOLOGY

It causes the most severe form of malaria.

Most widespread, found in most endemic areas including some temperate zones

Similar range as P. falciparum, but less common and patchy distribution.

It is the least common Plasmodium infecting man.

The fifth major human malaria parasite.

Schuffner’s dots present in all stages except early young forms

Maurer’s dots occasionally seen.

Malignant tertian malaria.

Benign tertian malaria.

Quartan malaria.

Syndrome of acute intravascular hemolysis, accompanied by hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria

Seen in Plasmodium malariae infection.

Caused by an increase in splenic activity

More pronounced in P. falciparum

Decrease Oxygen carrying capacity leading to.

Most drugs used in the treatment are active against the parasite forms in the blood. Drug resistance with P. falciparum

Screening for positivity and parasite count.

Species identification easier.

Renewal of parasitemia or clinical features arising from persistent undetectable asexual parasitemia in the absence of an exoerythrocytic cycle

Activation of hypnozoites (liver stages) resulting to renewal of malarial infection.

Repeat smears every_________if negative

Usually, prepared capillary tube coated with acridine orange

Cannot differentiate current and past infections – Most helpful in epidemiological studies o Indirect Hemagglutination (IHA) o Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) o Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

To significantly enhance the microscopic diagnosis of malaria especially in cases of low parasitemia and in cases of mixed infection

Makes use of immunochromatographic methods in order to detect Plasmodium-specific antigens in a finger-prick blood sample

What is the mode of vector/host in malaria.

Small rings within the red blood cell, very much like Plasmodium falciparum with a darkly staining nucleus and very little cytoplasm.

Transmitted by the tick Ixodes Ricinus

Fatality of B. microti

Fatality of B. divegens

DOC in Human Babesiosis

Coined for the first, actively multiplying merozoites that develop within the intermediate host, irrespective of whether infection is from oocysts or tissue cysts

Noninfectious and bradyzoites (infectious) are merozoites that develop within tissue cysts

Tissue cyst forming coccidia

The least common of the intestinal coccidia that infect humans

May produce myocarditis, meningoencephalitis and atypical pneumonia

The ocular lesion originates in the retina and spread to the choroids.

There is involvement of the CNS and the CSF is xanthochromic

Rare human infection

First human case in _____ C. cayetanensis

Common cause of diarrhea among travelers and in day care centers.

Lays eggs in unsegmented stag

Larva/Larvae

Lays eggs in segmented stage (embryonated)

May be found in the subtropical and tropical areas of the world including the Philippines

Common name as Malayan filarais.

Common name as African eye worm.

Common name as Binding convulated worm

New world filaria.

Common name as Pertans filaria.

Kaya pa ba kaya mo yan ikaw paba?

Common disease: Trichinosis/Trichinellosis

Common name: Guinea worm, Fiery Serpent of the Israelites, Medina worm, dragon worm