LA 1-200

151. Ionizable is responsible for ?

152. Which one of the following local anesthetics is an ester of benzoic acid:?

153. Indicate the local anesthetic, which is an ester of paraaminobezoic acid:?

154. Which of the following local anesthetics in an acetanilide derivative?

155. Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a toluidine derivative:?

156. Which of the following local anesthetics is a thiophene derivative?

157. Local anesthetics are?

158. For therapeutic application local anesthetics are usually made available as salt for the reason of:?

159. Which of the following statements is NOT correct for local anesthetics?

160. Which one of the following statements about the metabolism of local anesthetics is incorrect?

161. Indicate the anesthetic agent of choice in patient with a liver disease:?

162. Which if the following local anesthesia is preferable in patient with pseudocholinesterase difiency?

163. The primary mechanism of action of local anesthetics is:?

164. Which of the following local anesthetic is more water-soluble ?

165. Indicate the local anesthetic, which is more lipid-soluble:?

166. The more lipophilic drugs ?

167. Which of the following fibers is the first to be blocked?

168. Indicate the function, which the last to be blocked ?

169. Which of the following fibers participates in high-frequency pain transmission?

170. Which of the following local anesthetic is an useful antiarrhythmic agent?

171. Which of the following local anesthetic is a short-acting drug?

172. Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a long-acting agent:?

173. The anesthetic effect of the agent of short and intermediate duration of action cannot be prolong by adding:?

174. A vasoconstrictor does not :?

175. Vasoconstrictors are less effective in prolonging anesthetic properties of :?

176. Which of the following local anesthetics is only used for surface or topical anesthesia?

177. Indicate the local anesthetic, which is mainly used for regional nerve block anesthesia?

178. Which of the following local anesthetics is used for infiltrative and regional anesthesia related to amide type?

179. Which of the following local anesthetics is called a universal anesthetic?

180. Most serious toxic reaction to local anesthetics is:?

181. Correct statements concerning cocaine include all of the following EXCEPT:?

182. Which of the following local anesthetics is more cardiotoxic?

183. Most local anesthetics can cause:?

184. Which one of the following local anesthetics cause methemoglobinemia?

185. Prilocaine has all of the following properties EXCEPT:?

186. Correct statements concerning lidocaine include all of the following EXCEPT:?

187. Which of the following local anesthetics is more likely to cause allergic reaction?

188. Correct statements concerning Bupivacaine include all of the following EXCEPT?

189. The duration of action of local anesthetics agents are divided in short, intermediate and long. Which one of the following is classified as the short one?

190. Which one of the following agents is classified as the intermediate one?

191. Which one of the following agents is classified as the long one?

192. Which one of the following maximum dosage recommendations is selected for the patient weigh 70kg, related to lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1 :50,000?

193. Related to the maximum does recommended when used Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:50,000. Which one of the following is selected for ASA?

194. If the two percent of Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 are suggested for American Society of Anesthesia. Which one of the following categories of the American Society of Anesthesia was selected?

195. If the Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:100,00 was used. Which one of the following is selected for the maximum dose recommendation?

196. If the two percent of Lidocaine 2% with Epinephrine 1:100,000 were used for patient 60kg. Which one of the following was selected for the 60kg patient?

197. As with all local anesthetics, the dose varies depending on the area to be anesthetized, the vascularity of tissues, individual tolerance, and the techniques of anesthesia. Which type of the following patient should be decreased the dose for them?

198. If Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 was used with patient 80kg. Which one of the following option was selected?

199. Which one of the following of the maximum dose recommended for normal healthy individual patient per kilogram is.?

200. In 1980, when the first edition of Stanley F. Malamed, and the Sixth edition of Hand book of local anesthetic were available in dental cartridge form include: Lidocaine, Articaine, Prilocaine, Mepivacaine, and Bupivacaine. Which one of the following was selected for the maximum dose recommendation related to the Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 per kilogram of the patient weight?

150. Indicate the drug, which has greater potency of the local anesthetic action:?

101. Gow- Gate nerve block The trigeminal nerve is predominantly sensory, and motor nerve, who supplied for the three large trunks, originate from the ganglion. Which of the following nerves is supply related only sensory?

102. The trigeminal nerve is the sensory fibres form the semilunar ganglion (the Gasserian ganglion). Where does these ganglion or Gasserian lie in the bottom of the following?

103. The maxillary nerve exclusively sensory, passes through the foramen rotundum to reach the pterygopalatine fossa, where it off a number of branches.How many branches will theses nerves passes through the sphenopalatine ganglion?

104. Which of the following nerves are entering the sphenopalatine ganglion?

105. The infraorbital nerve are supply for the front teeth both side left and right of the maxillary , especially for anterior superior alveolar nerve twigs and leave the trunk just before it exit of the infraorbital foramen and outside the foramen twigs to the skin between the nostril and eye.Which area is used for injection local anesthesia for these teeth?

106. Nerve impulse travel in myelinated nerves by a process called what?

107. Which portion of the nerve do local anesthetics work on?

108. What is one important way that local anesthetic drugs differ from all other drugs used in dentistry?

109. When procaine undergoes metabolic breakdown, the major metabolic product (metabolite) is what?

110. Biotransformation of amides take place where?

111. The concentration of epinephrine that is optimal for hemostasis is what?

112. All of the following are reasons to include a vasoconstrictor, ECEPT one.Which one is the EXCEPTION?

113. When it is necessary to administer more than one anesthetic drug, a safe total should be determined by not exceeding what?

114. One of the many proprietary names for lidocaine is what?

115. A healthy patient weighing 155 lbs has been given 2 cartridges of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. How many MORE cartridges of 3% arestocaine can they have?

116. All of the following are ways of caring for a syringe EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

117. In the dental office, the MOST important consideration when selecting a syringe type is the ability of the following:?

118. In local anesthetic dissociation, tissues with a low pH would have effect on base(RN) and cation(RNH+) in the solution?

119. After properly loading the cartridge into the syringe, a few drops of local anesthetic should be expelled. Why?

120. The major factor influencing the ability to aspirate is what?

121. All of the following methods will REDUCE the chance of needle breakage, EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

122. The antioxidant used to preserve epinephrine in a local anesthetic solution is?

123. A small bubble of approximately 1 to 2 mm diameter will frequently be found in the local anesthetic cartridge. These bubbles are cause by what?

124. Distilled water is added to the cartridge for what purpose?

125. Topical antiseptic does which of the following?

126. What is the MOST important reason hemostats/cotton roll pliers are part of the armamentarium?

127. At what time are professionals MOST at risk for a needle stick?

128. All of the following are acceptable ways of recapping a needle EXCEPT?

129. Stacey, a 18 year old soccer player, arrives for extraction of teeth #4,12, and 20, and she is given 5 cartridges of 4% Articaine with epi 1:100,000.Her mother calls 3 hours following the appointment stating that Stacey appears cyanotic and sluggish. Her nail beds look dark and the blood in the extraction sites is chocolate brown. What is MOST likely the condition presented?

130. A patient with epilepsy is scheduled for root planning and scaling with local anesthetic today. What should the dental hygienist know about this condition?

131. A patient attends for an extraction of a lower molar tooth. Following the administration of an inferior alveolar nerve block only, the patient complains of pain during the procedure.Which one of the following nerves is the most likely to be responsible for the perception of this pain?

132. Which one of the following local anesthetic agents (at the correct dosage) is the most likely to provide the most prolonged analgesia?

133. Which of the following local anesthetics is used exclusively for its good surface activity and low toxic potential?

134. Which of the following drugs can cause methemoglobinnemia when used in larger doses for regional anesthesia?

135. Epinephrine added to a solution of lidocaine for local anesthesia will:?

136. Vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic(LA) solution is used to ?

137. Reducing agent local anesthetics solution is ?

138. Needle used for infiltration is ?

139. When injecting Local anesthetic solution in maxilla on buccal side. Which of the following technique is used?

140. Most common complication of posterior Superior alveolar nerve block is:?

141. Disto buccal root of upper 1st molar is supplied by:?

142. Which of 2 nerves blocked when injection is given in pterygo mandibular space?

143. Blanching at the site of injection is caused by:?

144. What are the local anesthetic produce for:?

145. A good local anesthetic agent shouldn’t cause:?

146. Most local anesthetic agents is consist of :?

147. Which one of the following groups is responsible for the duration of the local anesthetic action?

148. Indicate the local anesthetic agent, which has a shorter duration of action:?

149. Which one of the following groups is responsible for the potency and the toxicity of local anesthetic?

51. Local anesthetic lipophilicity and effectiveness of epinephrine on local anesthesia:

52. Neurotoxicity following local anesthesia: lower extremity paresis-- predisposing conditions may include advanced age and peripheral vascular disease

53. Local anesthetic not recommended for peripheral nerve blockade:

54. Frequently used amide-type local anesthetic for Bier block

55. The first ever peripheral nerve block is performed by

56. The axons of peripheral nerve is supported by

57. Unmeyelinated fiber is surround by

58. The function organization of axon and schwann cell is called

59. The groups of the axon, the fasciculi, are enclosed in an additional connective tissue sheath called

60. Individual nerve fibers(axons) are surround and separated from each other by

61. Which layer is considered as anatomical barrier to the diffusion of local anesthetic substances

62. Afferent or sensory nerves conduct impulses to the

63. Efferent or motor neurons conduct messages from:

64. The most widely help theory on nerve transmission attributes conduction of the nerve impulse to changes in the

65. For a local anesthetic to be clinically useful is

66. Which one is the Amide anesthetics type

67. Which one is the ester type of local anesthetic

68. Which one are the three major types of local anesthesia can be performed in the maxillary for pain control?

69. How many major types of Local Anesthesia can be performed in the maxillary for pain control?

70. The injection that able to perform in maxilla with thin cortical nature of bone, to tissue immediately surgical site is called.

71. Which one is NOT include in the type of infiltration technique?

72. Local Anesthetic deposited near a larger terminal branch of a nerve is called

73. Local anesthetic deposited near the main nerve trunk and is usually distant form the operative site is called

74. Which one are called local anesthesia nerve block?

75. Which one is the best answer for nerve block of local anesthesia in the maxillary nerve block?

76. The area used to anesthetized the pulp tissue corresponding alveolar bone and buccal gingival tissue to maxillary 1st, 2nd, 3rd is called

77. The technique insertion of mucobuccal fold between apex of 2nd and 3rd molars at 45 degree is called

78. The area used to anesthetized the maxillary premolars, corresponding alveolus, and buccal gingival tissue is called

79. The technique of insertion at mucobuccal fold in the area of 1st and 2nd premolars is called

80. The technique used to anesthetized the maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and central incisors and buccal gingival is called

81. The technique of insertion at mucobuccal fold in the area of lateral incisor and canine on maxillary is called

82. The technique used to anesthetizes the maxillary 1st and 2nd premolars, canine, lateral incisor, central incisor, corresponding alveolar bone, and buccal gingiva is called

83. The nerve that combines MSA and ASA block is called

84. When given nerve block , will also cause anesthetized to the lower eyelid, lateral aspect of nasal skin tissue, and skin of infraorbital region is called

85. The technique palpate from extra orally and place thum or index finger on region with retract the upper lip and buccal mucosa and the area of injection is at the mucobuccal fold of the 1st premolar and canine area is called

86. The technique can be used to anesthetize the palatal soft tissue of the teeth posterior to maxillary canine and corresponding alveolus and hard palate is called

87. The area of insertion needle of local anesthesia is about 1cm medial from 1st and 2nd maxillary molar on the hard palate foramen is called

88. The technique can be used to anesthetize the soft and hard tissue of the maxillary anterior palate from canine to canine is called

89. The area of insertion needle is at the incisive papilla into incisive foramen and inject 0.3cc to 0.5cc of local anesthetic is called

90. Which techniques do not work in the adult mandible due to dense cortical bone the below technique is

91. The area of insertion needle is at the mucous membrane of the medial border of the mandibular ramus at the intersection of a horizontal line and vertical line is called

92. Which one are the following technique used only on the mandibular nerve Block , please choice the best answer

93. Inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN) mouth must be open for this technique, best to utilize mouth drop, the depth of injection is about

94. The technique that the mouth must be open widely during injection and the area of injection from contralateral premolar region is called

95. The technique that use the non-dominant hand to retract the buccal soft tissue at the area of coronoid notch of mandible , and index finger on posterior border of extra oral mandible is called

96. The technique of about 1.0 cc of local Anesthetic and continues to inject about 0.5 cc on removal from injection site to anesthetize the lingual branch, inject remaining anesthetic in to corrode notch region of mandible in the mucous membrance distal and buccal to most distal molar to perform a long buccal nerve block is called

97. The technique Provides same area of anesthesia as the Inferior alveolar nerve block and useful for injected patients with trismus, fractured mandible are needs to be used

98. Which technique is useful for infected patients with trismus, fractured mandibles, and mentally handicapped individuals

99. The technique Provides sensory input for the lower lip skin, mucous membrane, pulpal and alveolar tissue for the premolar, canine and incisors on the side blocked is called

100. The area of injection mucobuccal fold between the mandible premolars is called

1. Surface activity and low toxic potential?

2. Which of the following drugs can cause methemoglonemia?

3. Vasoconstrictor in Local anesthetic solution is?

4. When injecting Local solutionin maxilla on buccal side. The technique is ?

5. Disto buccal root of upper first molar is supplied by:?

6. Technique of anesthesia in which local anesthetic solution is injected into the vein is ?

7. You suspect that your patient has an enlarged submandibular salivary gland. You expect the enlarged gland?

8. During an inferior alveolar nerve block the needle ideally passes?

9. You notice that your patient's submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged. You would look for potential infection sites in the?

10. You notice a lesion on the labial alveolar mucosa of the lower right lateral incisor tooth of one of your patients and decide to take a biopsy to send for oral pathology report Which nerve would require local anesthesia in order to carry out a pain-free biopsy?

11. The regional lymphatic drainage of the left side of the tip of the tongue is to the?

12. A successful inferior alveolar nerve block will produce anesthesia of the?

13. The mucosa of the hard palate is?

14. A successful infraorbital nerve block will produce anaesthesia of the?

15. In a patient with a normal healthy mouth, you would expect the mucosa covering the alveolar process supporting the mandibular teeth to be?

16. Advantage(s) of 5% lidocaine (Xylocaine)-prilocaine (Citanest) cream (eutectic mixture) is?

17. Local anesthetic used in greater than 50% of rhinolaryngologic cases:?

18. Mechanism(s) of local anesthetic action in epidural anesthesia:?

19. Rationale for adding epinephrine to a local anesthetic solution:?

20. Zone of differential motor blockade may average up to four segments below the sensory level?

21. Duration of sensory anesthesia is likely to be extended for abdominal regional anesthesia?

22. Primary side effect/toxicities associated with local anesthetic use:?

23. Factors enhancing bupivacaine (Marcaine) toxicity?

24. Agents added to local anesthetics that prolonged local anesthetic duration of action?

25. Typically a zone of differential sympathetic nervous system blockade?

26. Preferred local anesthetics for local infiltration:?

27. Neurotoxicity associate with local anesthesia: sensory anesthesia, bowell & bladder sphincter dysfunction, paraplegia -- may because by nonhomogeneous local anesthetic distribution?

28. Neurotoxicity -- moderate/severe lower back, buttocks, posterior side pain?

29. Factors that influence lidocaine (Xylocaine) metabolism:?

30. Most common cause of toxic plasma local anesthetic concentrations?

31. Common eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA)?

32. Most frequent local anesthetic clinical use:?

33. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) effect on ventilation response to hypoxia?

34. Clinical use(s) of EMLA applications:?

35. Allergic reactions to local anesthetics:?

36. Factors which increase local anesthetic CNS toxicities:?

37. Least likely to exhibit cross-sensitivity with amide or ester local anesthetics.?

38. Factor(s) that reduce lidocaine (Xylocaine) seizure threshold.?

39. Local anesthetic which produces localized vasoconstriction and anesthesia?

40. Agents not recommended for Bier block:

41. Manifestation of systemic toxicity

42. Most commonly used local anesthetic for rhinolaryngologic cases

43. Commonly use local anesthetics for topical/surface application:

44. Clinical presentations suggestive of local anesthetic allergies:

45. Local anesthetic most likely to cause cyanosis secondary to reduced oxygen transport:

46. This amide-type local anesthetic is used to assess the possible presence of atypical cholinesterase

47. Toxicities associated with systemic epinephrine absorption following local anesthetic use with epinephrine included in the local anesthetic solution

48. ropivacaine (Naropin):less cardiotoxic then bupivacaine (Marcaine)

49. Factor(s) which determine extent of systemic local anesthetic absorption:

50. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) cardiotoxicity -- electrophysiological characteristics