BIOL 221 Exam 1 Unit 2: The Heart
Which of these is the inner most layer of the heart serous membrane?
Visceral Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
What is pericarditis and constrictive pericarditis?
Lysis of the pericardium and its component.
Cancer of the pericardium that results in heart problems including stroke.
The inflammation of the the pericardium with one resulting in scaring.
A psychological disorder that results in rapid heart rate and hysteria.
Are these associations correct? Epicardium = visceral pericardium; Myocardium = cardiac muscle; Endocardium = Endothelium
Yes
No
The chambers of the heart include the atria and _________?
Papillary Muscles
Aortia
Pulmonary Veins
Ventricles
The Atrioventricular Valves include _______________ & __________?
Aortic Artery; Pulmonary Trunk
Coronary Arteries; Pulmonary Veins
Left atrium; Right Atrium
Tricuspid; Bicuspid
Arteries carry blood ________ from the heart and veins carry blood _______ from the heart.
Away; To
To; Away
Near; Inside
Around; Above
Autorhythmic cells can _____________________?
Contract together
Create blood pressure
Use gap junctions
Produce prepotential
Which is the first in the conduction pathway of the heart?
AV Node
Purkinje Fibers
Left & Right Branches
SA Node
Which of these statements are true for Bradycardia then Tachycardia?
Heart rate >60 bpm; Heart rate >100
Impulses slower at SA node; Faster at SA node
Missing P waves; Missing T waves
Delay b/w QRS wave; Delay b/w P waves
Which statement is true for Atrial Fibrillation?
Life treathning
Impulses at SA node are slower
P waves are affected
Ectopic foci; May fire impulses on their own
Which statement is true about Ventricular Fibrillation?
Only P wave affected
Life threatning
Ectopic foci at atrium
Missing only QRS and T waves
What is wrong in this ECG?
Delay b/w P and QRS waves
Missing T waves
Additional P waves
Missing QRS waves
What is wrong with this ECG?
P and QRS aren't coordenated
Missing T waves
Random missing waves
Missing P and QRS waves
What is RHD (Rheumatic Heart Disease)?
Infection of the veins of heart
Infection/Inflammation of heart and valves
Inflammation of arteries on the heart
Genetic disorder of the semilunar valves
What is a heart Murmur?
Abnormal heart rhythm due to weakning of heart
Abnormal enlargement of atrium due to excess blood in the cavity
Abnormal heart sounds associated by bad valves
Hardening of blood vessels on heart
Which phase in the cardiac cycle is this graph?
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
Which phase in the cardiac cycle is this graph?
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
Which phase in the cardiac cycle is this graph?
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
Which phase in the cardiac cycle is this graph?
Ventricular filling
Isovolumetric contraction
Ventricular ejection
Isovolumetric relaxation
True or False? Stroke Volume (SV) = End diastolic volume (EDV) -- End systolic volume (ESV)
True
False
True or False? Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that influence SV are preload (ESV), Afterload (ESV) and heart contractability
True
False
All of these are extrinsic regulatory mechanisms except?
Temperature
Ion gradient
Hormones
Hydration Levels
(ANS) Autonomic Nervous System
All factors increase stroke volume except?
Decreased preload
Decreased afterload
Increased venous return
Vasoconstriction
Increased blood volume
Increased contractility
Decreased filling time
Factors that decreased stroke volume include except?
Decreased contractility
Decreased EDV
Decreased filling time
Decreased venous return
Increased arterial pressure
Decreased afterload
For the love of god memorize this!!!!!
Congestive heart Failure (CHF): Mechanism
Increased systemic resistance --> Increased force of left ventricular contraction --> Increased left ventricular oxygen demand --> Increased left ventricular hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) --> Decreased left ventricular contraction --> Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure --> Increased left arterial pressure --> Pulmonary congestion /edema (Fluid) -->Increased pulmonary vascular resistance --> Right ventricular failure
For the love of god memorize this!!!!!
Congestive heart Failure (CHF): Mechanism
Increased systemic resistance --> Increased force of left ventricular contraction --> Increased left ventricular oxygen demand --> Increased left ventricular hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) --> Decreased left ventricular contraction --> Increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure --> Increased left arterial pressure --> Pulmonary congestion /edema (Fluid) -->Increased pulmonary vascular resistance --> Right ventricular failure
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