Chapter 1

Which was not a means by which Cortés conquered the Aztecs?

He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons.

He was aided by a smallpox epidemic that killed many Aztecs.

He was aided by thousands of Native Americans.

He relied on superior military technology such as iron weapons and gun powder.

Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 20 million African slaves were taken from African and brought to the New World.

True

False

Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth-century Spanish America?

Indians were compelled to work, either as slaves or as wage laborers, in gold and silver mines or on large haciendas.

The Spanish crown took initially little interest in the administration of colonial affairs.

A Black Legend regarding the harshness of Spanish colonial rule spread across the Atlantic world.

A blending of Indian and Spanish culture gradually took root.

In European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World after 1492, all of the following were true except

Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples.

Europeans imagined the Americas as a place of golden cities and fountains of youth.

Millions of Indians died from diseases brought by the Europeans.

Africans were enslaved and treated with great cruelty.

Which of the following was not a major reason early Europeans felt the Indians were barbaric?

their wearing of beads and feathers

their religion and practices

their gender relations

the way in which the Indians used the land

Who were the peninsulares

persons of mixed Spanish and Indian origin

Persons of European birth

Persons of South American origin

Persons of Indian orging

The system by which residents of Indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year was called repartimiento.

True

False

Women in this European settlement enjoyed far more independence than in other colonies.

Dutch

English

French

Spanish

Which was not expressed by Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552?

He asserted that Indians should be able to keep their land.

He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration.

He described how the Spanish made forced laborers of Indians of all ages.

He wrote that Spanish Catholics burned Native American children alive.

He suggested that African slaves be imported into the Americas.

In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?

Indians

Wage Laborers

African Slaves

Indentured servants

Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs?

Most Indians held that a single-creator god created the world.

Their written religious text was called the Wicca.

Shaman and medicine men held central positions of authority.

Most Native Americans believed spiritual powers suffused the world in animals, plants, trees, water, and wind.

Participation in religious rituals helped define community membership.

This dwelling structure in New Mexico stood five stories high and had more than 600 rooms.

Cahokia

Catawba

Oneida

Pueblo Bonita

While the Dutch came to North America to trade, not conquer, they hardly kept this belief, as a three-year war resulted in the deaths of 200 colonists and 1,000 Indians from which tribe?

Bari

Diegueno

Chippewa

Algonquian

In the eighteenth century, Spanish colonial authorities adopted a more tolerant attitude toward traditional religious practices and made fewer demands on Indian labor.

True

False

Which was not a characteristic of "coverture"?

A wife could not write a separate will.

A wife could not sign contracts in her own name.

If a wife worked, she did not control her wages.

She could only own property with her pastor's permission.

In marriage, a wife surrendered her legal identity.

When the author, Eric Foner, uses the term "unfree labor," he refers to those persons who were performing work, not for free as volunteers, but for wages.

True

False

In 1610, Spain established the capital of New Mexico at ____, the first permanent European settlement in the Southwest.

Albuquerque

Roswell

Los Alamos

Santa Fe

Chapter 1

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