HPCT Prelim Part 1
The excision and examination of tissue from a living subject for diagnostic purposes.
Biopsy
Autopsy
Preservation
Accessioning
"See for yourself".
Biopsy
Autopsy
Preservation
Accessioning
Which of the following is true about biopsy?
Careful handling of a tissue is mandatory for lymphoma and immediate touch preparation for sarcoma.
Immediate touch preparation must be done with lymphoma and careful handling of tissue must be done with sarcoma.
Immediate touch preparation must be done with lymphoma and careful handling of tissue must be done with carcinoma.
Careful handling of a tissue is mandatory for carcinoma and immediate touch preparation for sarcoma.
A post mortem examination performed to determine the cause of death.
Biopsy
Autopsy
Preservation
Accessioning
Who introduced the principle of surgical biopsy in the US?
Ruge and Joham Vert
Rudolf Virchow
WIlliam Halsted
Maurice Letulle
When was surgical biopsy introduced as an essential diagnostic tool?
1870
1889
1880
1941
Who and when was an argument put forward that confimations should be made before surgeries for malignancies?
Emarch, 1870
Emarch, 1889
Papanicolau, 1889
Papanicolau, 1941
Who introduced surgical biopsy as an essential tool for diagnosis?
Ruge and Joham Vert
Rudolf Virchow
WIlliam Halsted
Maurice Letulle
Which of the following is true about indications for biopsy?
I. Any lesions that persist for more than 3 weeks with no apparent etiologic basis.
II. Evaluation and monitoring of tissue rejection after transplantation.
III. Any persistent tumescence.
IV. Any inflammatory lesion that responds to local treatment after 10-14 days.
V. Persistent hyperkeratotic changes in surface tissues.
II, III, V
I, II, III, IV, V
I, II, IV
II and III only
III only
Always present orientation problems.
Exfoliative cytology
Incisional biopsy
Shave biopsy
Needle biopsy
Bite biopsy
Removal of a part of a lesion for histological exam.
Bite biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Shave biopsy
Lesion is not entered but removed.
Marginal excision
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Marginal incision
Shave biopsy
Complete removal of lesions.
Wedge biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Shave biopsy
Specimen is subdivided with a razor blade.
Exfoliative cytology
Incisional biopsy
Punch biopsy
Wedge biopsy
Shave biopsy
Small pieces of tumor are removed with special forceps.
Exfoliative cytology
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Bite biopsy
Most reliable type of biopsy.
Wedge biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Exfoliative cytology
Shave biopsy
Preferred for large situated tumors that cannot be excised.
Wedge biopsy
Punch biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Shave biopsy
Widely used type of biopsy.
Wedge biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Exfoliative cytology
Shave biopsy
Significant tumor remains.
Wedge biopsy
Punch biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Use of needle and syringe to penetrate a lesion to aspirate its contents.
Wedge biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Shave biopsy
Removal of small piece of tumor.
Wedge biopsy
Punch biopsy
Aspiration biopsy
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Seek to find the cause and the manner of death.
Forensic autopsy
Medico-legal autopsy
Both
Neither
Examination of a part of the anatomy.
Complete autopsy
Partial autopsy
Selective autopsy
Complete examination of all organs.
Complete autopsy
Partial autopsy
Selective autopsy
Restricted to at least a single organ.
Complete autopsy
Partial autopsy
Selective autopsy
Requires consent.
Complete autopsy
Partial autopsy
Selective autopsy
Suspicious evidence of fould play.
Death certificate
Written consent
Medico-legal clearance
Clinical data
From the next kin.
Death certificate
Written consent
Medico-legal clearance
Clinical data
Signed by the physician and the pathologist.
Death certificate
Written consent
Medico-legal clearance
Clinical data
Which of the following is true about autopsy?
The relatives of the deceased is oriented by the attending pathologist.
The pathologist signs at the back of the death certificate when PME has been performed.
The attending physician is the one to declare the death to be natural, accident, suicide, homicide, or unknown.
All of the above.
Organs are weighed and examined.
External examination
Internal examination
Samples are taken.
External examination
Internal examination
For injuries or cause of death.
External examination
Internal examination
En Masse method
External examination
Internal examination
Undressed and examined for wounds.
External examination
Internal examination
Photographed
External examination
Internal examination
Better looking finished product.
Y
T
V
L
For suspected strangulation.
Y
T
V
L
Arrange the steps in brain examination in chronological order.
I. Brain cut from spinal cord, lifted out of the skull for further examination.
II. Scalp pulled away from the skull, forward and back. Front flap over the face, rear flap over the neck.
III. Skull cut with electric saw, created a "bowl".
IV. Incision from a point behind one ear, over top of head, to point behind the opposite ear.
IV, II, III, I
I, II, III, IV
IV, I, II III
II, IV, III, I
Becomes evident as early as 20 mins after death.
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Putrefaction
Rigidity of the body due to hardening of the skeletal muscles.
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Putrefaction
First demonstrable change after death.
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Putrefaction
Body is cut open in the usual fashion
Virchow technique
Rokitansky technique
Ghon technique
Letulle technique
Blood supply gravitates to the skin vessels which becomes toneless and dilate after circulation ceases.
Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Putrefaction
Systemic dissection.
Virchow technique
Rokitansky technique
Ghon technique
Letulle technique
By cavity.
Virchow technique
Rokitansky technique
Ghon technique
Letulle technique
Organs are dissected while inside the body.
Virchow technique
Rokitansky technique
Ghon technique
Letulle technique
Best routine method for inspection and preservation.
En bloc
En Masse
In Situ
Virchow technique
Organs are removed one by one sequentially.
Virchow technique
Rokitansky technique
Ghon technique
Letulle technique
Duration for cytogenetics reports
2 years
10 years
20 years
3 years
Duration for instrument maintenance.
2 years
10 years
5 years
3 years
Duration for surgical pathology report.
2 years
10 years
5 years
3 years
Duration for quality control.
2 years
10 years
20 years
3 years
Duration for pathology blocks
Indefinite
10 years
20 years
5 years
Duration for cytogenetics slides.
Indefinite
10 years
20 years
3 years
Duration for autopsy forensic report.
Indefinite
10 years
20 years
3 years
Duration for clinical pathology lab report.
5 years
10 years
20 years
3 years
Turn over time for frozen section
1 day
2 days
5-15 mins
7 days
2 weeks
Turn over type for surgical pathology.
1 day
2 days
5-15 mins
7 days
2 weeks
Turn over time for autopsies.
1 day
2 days
5-15 mins
7 days
2 weeks
Turn over time for cytology.
1 day
2 days
5-15 mins
7 days
2 weeks
Adequate for freezing small pieces of tissue.
Optimal cutting temperature
Aerosol sprays
Liquid nitrogen
Carbon dioxide gas
Without the use of any chemical fixative.
Freeze drying
Quenching
Sublimation
Liquid nitrogen
Removal of water in the form of ice.
Freeze drying
Quenching
Sublimation
Liquid nitrogen
Best mounting media for cryostat.
Optimal cutting temperature
Aerosol sprays
Liquid nitrogen
Carbon dioxide gas
Rapid freezing
Quenching
Freeze drying
Liquid nitrogen
Carnoy's fluid
Most rapid method of freezing.
Quenching
Freeze drying
Liquid nitrogen
Carnoy's fluid
PH in fixation of tissue.
7-8
6-8
5-7
7-9
First and most critical step in tissue processing.
Preservation
Accessioning
Dehydration
Sectioning
Tissue to fixative ratio
20:1
1:20
5:1
1:5-10
Osmolality for fixation.
500-550 mOsm
450-550 mOsm
400-450 mOsm
350-4500 mOsm
20:1
1:20
5:1
1:5-10
Preserves sputum
Gendre's fixative
Newcomer's
Flemming's solution
Glutaraldehyde
Recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies.
Gendre's fixative
Newcomer's
Flemming's solution
Bouin's
For EM.
Carnoy's fluid
Glutaraldehyde
Acrolein
Heidenhain Susa
For tumor biopsies.
Carnoy's fluid
Glutaraldehyde
Acrolein
Heidenhain Susa
For fixing chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies.
Carnoy's fluid
Glutaraldehyde
Acrolein
Heidenhain Susa
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