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Anaphy Final Exam (Endo, Male and Female)

Ligament (Cardinal)

A. Correspond embryologically to ovarian gubernaculum

B. Extends laterally to support the cervix to the pelvic side wall

C. Supports the cervix anteriorly

D. Forms the lateral boundaries of pouch of Douglas

E. Supports the lateral wall of uterus

In a patient with laceration on the upper third of the vagina, what is the MOST likely blood vessels affected.

A. Vaginal Artery

B. Internal pudendal artery

C. Uterine artery

D. Internal iliac artery

What muscle/s aid/s in the contraction of the vagina

A. pubovaginalis

B. Bulbospongiosus

C. Both

What is the BEST statement describes an anterverted uterus?

A. Anterior bend of uterus is at the angle between the cervix and vagina

B. Anterior bend of the uterus is at angle between the cervix and body of uterus

C. Fundus and body of the uterus is bent backward on the vagina

D. Posterior bend of the uterus is at the angle between the cervix and vagina

For the patients in labor, what structure is being examined in the cervix to be able to determine if it is dilated already?

A. Supravaginal portion of the cervix

B. Vaginal portion of the cervix

C. Internal os

D. External os

What part of the uterus forms as a lower uterine segment during pregnancy?

A. fundus

B. Cornua

C. isthmus

D. cervix

(Ligament) Uterosacral

A. Correspond embryologically to ovarian gu

B. Extends laterally to support the cervix to the pelvic side wall

C. Supports the cervix anteriorly

D. Forms the lateral boundaries of pouch of Douglas

E. Supports the lateral wall of uterus

(Ligament) Round

A. Correspond embryologically to ovarian gu

B. Extends laterally to support the cervix to the pelvic side wall

C. Supports the cervix anteriorly

E. Supports the lateral wall of uterus

D. Forms the lateral boundaries of pouch of Douglas

In a patient with a failed pregnancy in the fallopian tube, what is the MOST common part affected?

A. Infundibulum

B. Ampulla

C. Isthmus

D. Cornual

In a patient who is about to have removal of the uterus, the ovary will still have its blood supply because it arises from?

A. External iliac artery

B. Uterine artery

C. Inferior vena cava

D. Abdominal aorta

Where does the left ovarian vein empties?

A. Inferior vena cava

B. Renal vein

C. Iliac lymph node

D. Deep inguinal vessel

What specific ligament attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?

A. Suspensory

B. Broad

C. Utero-ovarian

D. Pubo-cervical

In a patient with a laceration in the anal sphincter complex, what structure/s can be affected?

A. Internal anal

B. puborectalis

C. pubococcycgeus

D. A and B Only

E. All of the choices are correct

What hormone is being produced by the ovaries?

A. Estrogen

B. LH

C. FSH

D. GnRH

Ischiopubic rami

A. Anterior

B. Posterior

C. Posterolateral

D. Anterolateral

Ischial tuberosities

A. Anterior

B. Posterior

C. Posterolateral

D. Anterolateral

Coccyx

A. Anterior

B. Posterior

C. Posterolateral

D. Anterolateral

Sacrotuberous ligaments

A. Anterior

B. Posterior

C. Posterolateral

D. Anterolateral

Pubic symphysis

A. Anterior

B. Posterior

C. Posterolateral

D. Anterolateral

What structure divides anterior and posterior triangle?

A. Pubic rami

B. Perineal body

C. Ischial tuberosities

D. Sacrotuberous ligaments

What is the blood supply of the glans and prepuce of the clitoris?

A. Internal pudendal artery

B. Deep artery of the clitoris

C. Dorsal artery of the clitoris

D. Internal iliac artery

The following statement is TRUE of labia minora

A. Supplied by numerous nerve endings

B. It is where round ligament terminates

C. Rich in elastic fibers and fats

D. May develop varicosities during pregnancy

What forms as the base of the mons pubis?

A. Symphysis pubis

B. Labia majora

C. Labia minora

D. Clitoris

What is the principal fenmale erogenous organ?

A. Clitoris

B. Labia minora

C. Vestibule

D. Mons pubis

Which part of the male reproductive system is primarily involved in conveying sperm during sexual arousal?

A. Epididymis

B. Vas Deferens

C. Straight ducts

D. Urethra

What is the principal purpose of the mare repro?

A. Production of sperm

B. Secretion of testosterone

C. Produce new individuals

D. Pass on defective genetic material

Which cells in the testes produce the hormone testosterone?

A. Leydig

B. Spermatogonia

C. Sertoli

D. Spermatid

What part of the male repro system is removed during circumcision.

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Prostate gland

C. Ductus deferens

D. Prepuce

Which part of the male repro system secrete a milky, slightly acidic fluid and contains substances like citric acid and PSA?

A. Seminal Vesicles

B. Bulbourethral glands

C. Prostate gland

D. Ductus epididymis

What is the function of the Dartos muscle in the scrotum?

A. Contracts in cold temperatures

B. Surrounds the testes

C. Controls ejaculation

D. Conveys sperm during sexual arousal

What is the function of the epididymis in the male repro?

A. Sperm maturation and storage

B. Semen production

C. Hormone secretion

D. Urine excretion

What is shared terminal structure of the reproductive and urinary system in males called?

A. Prostatic urethra

B. Membranous urethra

C. Spongy Urethra

D. External urethral orifice

Which part of the male repro is responsible for secreting an alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity in the urethra?

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Bulbourethral glands

C. Prostate gland

D. Ductus epididymis

What is the main function of the seminal vesicles in semen production?

A. Sperm maturation

B. pH regulation

C. Nutrient Supply

D. All of the choices are correct

What is the function of the cremaster muscle in the spermatic cord?

A. Conveys sperm during sexual arousal

B. Controls tempt of the testes

C. Surrounds the urethra

D. Aids in sperm storage

Which reproductive condition is characterized by and enlargement of the prostate common in older males?

A. Cryptorchidism

B. Benign prostatic hyperplasia

C. Testicular cancer

D. Varicocele

What is the primary function of the prostate gland's secretion?

A. Acidify semen

B. Antibiotic protection

C. Nutrient supply

D. Neutralize vaginal acidity

Which part of the male repro system secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose and clotting proteins?

A. Prostate gland

B. Bulbourethral glands

C. Seminal vesicles

D. Ductus epididymis

What is the purpose of vasectomy?

A. Increases sperm count

B. Stops testosterone production

C. Prevents passage of sperm through ducts

D. Increases fertility

Which part of the male repro system stores sperm and assists in their maturation?

A. Epididymis

B. Rete testis

C. Vas deferens

D. Efferent ducts

What condition significantly increases the risk of testicular cancer and may lead to sterility if untreated?

A. Varicocele

B. Cryptorchidism

C. Epididymis

D. Prostatitis

What is the primary function of the principal piece of a mature sperm cell?

A. Fertilization of secondary oocyte

B. Phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm

C. Propulsion through the female reproductive tract

D. DNA replication

Which part of the sperm cell covers the anterior 2/3 of the nucleus?

A. Tail

B. Acrosome

C. Head

D. Neck

What cells form the blood-testis barrier, preventing an immune response against spermatogenic cell surface antigens?

A. Spermatogonia

B. Sertoli

C. Leydig

D. Spermatid

Where does spermatogensis primarily occur in the male reproductive system?

A. Seminal vesicles

B. Epididymis

C. Vas deferens

D. Seminiferous tubules

What is the function of sildenafil (Viagra) drug in treating erectile dysfunction

A. Increases sperm production

B. Enhances smooth muscle relaxation

C. Stimulates testosterone release

D. All choices are correctsue

Which part of the penis covers the distal ends of the corpora cavernosa?

A. Tunica albunginea

B. Glans penis

C. Corpus spongiosum

D. Penile Urethra

Which muscle contracts in cold temperatures, reducing the overall size of the scrotum?

A. Sphincter

B. Cremaster

C. Dartos

D. Pectoral;

What is the function of the sustentacular os sertoli cells in the testis?

A. Sperm production

B. Testosterone secretion

C. Nourishment of sperm cells

D. All the choices are correctsue

What is normal urinalysis pcture?

A. orange, clear, RBC 0/ hpf, WBC 3/ hpf, Protein 0, Glucose ++, Ph 6.0

B. Yellow, turbid, RBC 20/ hpf, WBC 3/hpf, Protein++, Glucose 0, Ph 6.0

C. yellowish, clear, RBC 0/ hpf, WBC 3/ hpf, Protein 0, Glucose 0, Ph 6.0

D. yellowish, clear, RBC 0/ hpf, WBC 35/ hpf, Protein 0, Glucose 0, Ph 6.0

Which of the following is TRUE of Micturition/ Urinalysis

A. Normal bladder capacity is about 500ml/ hour

In males, a WBC value of 20 is still considered normal.

C. The stretch of the urethral wall stimulates the urge to urinate

D. Presence of protein and glucose small amounts is considered abnormal

What is the total urinary bladder capacity?

A. 1000ml

B. 900ml

C. 800ml

D. 700ml

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. 50% of total functional nephrons may subject the patient to hemodialysis

B. 1 million nephrons continuously work to filter 180L filtrate per day

C. 18 L of urine is formed daily

D. Micturation reflex is stimulated by increased in oral fluid intake

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Females have shorter urethra and have more risk of UTI

B. It is normal for females to have RBCs in a midstream catch

C. A small amount of protein and glucose is normal in urinalysis

D. High serum creatinine is a marker of good kidney function

Which of the following TRUE?

A. Males have shorter urethra making them prone to UTI

B. Total urinary bladder capacity is 100ml/ minute

C. Prostatic hypertrophy can impinge the ureters

Total Urinary bladder capacity is 1000ml

Which of the following horomones are related when there is low blood pressure ?

A. Renin, Aldosterone, ANH

B. Renin, Aldosterone, ADH

C. Renin, Angiotensin I, ANH

D. Renin, Angiotensin II, ANH

Which of the following is TRUE of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System?

A. Low blood pressure stimulates the release of Renin from the kidneys

B. High blood volume stimulates the secretion of Renin from the kidneys

C. Aldosterone increases water reabsorption results in increased blood pressure

D. Increased in Na and water reabsorption results in increased blood pressure

Which of the following is TRUE of Anti Natriuretic Hormone?

A. ANH is released from the right atrium

B. ANH is stimulated by low blood pressure

C. ANH is secreted from posterior pituitary gland

D. ANH is stimulated by high blood volume

Which of the following is TRUE of Antidiuretic Hormone?

A. ADH release is stimulate by high blood pressure and low blood volume

B. ADH release stimulate by low blood volume or low blood pressure

C. ADH controls the water and solute reabsorption at the proximal convoluted tubule

ADH controls the water and solute reabsorption at the PCT and Loop of Henle

Which of the following is TRUE of the Renin- Angiotensinogen- Aldosterone system?

A. An increase in blood pressure will increased the renin secretion from kidneys

B. Angiotensin I activates Aldosterone in the adrenal gland

C. Angiotensin II is activated from Angiotensin I by Angiotensin converting enzyme

D. Angiotensin II is a less potent vasoconstrictor

Which of the following is TRUE of tubular reabsorption?

A. The loop of henle concentrates the filtrate

B. Descending loop of henle is impermeable to water

C. Ascending loop of henle is permeable to water

Proximal duct reabsorbs 65% of the filtrate

Which is the primary site of solute/ water reabsorption in the nephron?

A. Glomerulus/ Bowman capsule conmplex

B. Loop henle

C. Proximal convoluted tubule

D. Distal convulated tubule

Which reabsorption segment is controlled by hormones?

A. Glomerulus/ Bowman capsule complex

B. Proximal convoluted tubule

C. Loop of henle

D. Distal convoluted tubule

Which is the CORRECT components of Filtration Membrane?

A. Podocyte cell processes of the Bowman capsule, basement membrane, podocyte membrane

B. Podocyte cell processes of the bowman's capsule, podocyte membrane, glomerular capillary

C. Podocyte cell processes of the bowman capsule, basement membrane, glomerular cell processes

D. Podocyte cell processes of the bowman capsule, basement membrane, glomerular capillary membrane

Which is TRUE of filtration?

A. Filtration process occurs at the nephron loop of henle

B. The nephron filters 180L of blood per day

C. Filtration process increases at the ascending loop more thank descending loop

D. The nephron filters 1.8L of urine per day

Which of the following is CORRECT tribulation of the blood supply of the nephron?

A. Renal artery> interlobal artery> arcuate artery> interlobular artery> afferent arteriole> glomerulus> efferent arteriole> peritubular capillaries> vasa recta

B. Renal artery> interlobar artery> arcuate artery> interlobular artery> afferent arteriole> glomerulus> efferent arteriole> peritubular capillaries> interlobar vein

C. Renal artery> interlobar artery> arcuate artery> interlobular artery> afferent arteriole> glomerulus> efferent arteriole> peritubular capillaries> arcuate vein

D. Renal artery> interlobar artery> arcuate artery> interlobular artery> afferent artertiole> glomerulus> efferent arteriole> peritubular capillaries> interlobular vein

Which of the following is TRUE of the functional unit of the kidney?

A. The first part of urine formation happens at the most proximal convoluted tubule

B. The blood flow into glomerulus is immediately derived from efferent arteriole

C. The renal artery is a direct branch of the thoracic aorta

D. The glomerular capillaries drain into an efferent arteriole

Which of the following is TRUE of the flow of urine?

A. Base of the renal pyramids in the medulla> collecting ducts> renal calyces> renal pelvis> ureter

B. Tip of the renal cortex> collecting ducts> renal calyces> renal pelvis> renal medulla

C. Tip of the renal medulla> collecting ducts> renal calyces> renal pelvis> renal cortex

D. Apex of the renal pyramids in the medulla> collecting ducts> renal calyces> renal pelvis> ureter

Which of the following is TRUE of the flow filtrate?

A. glomerulus/ bowmanc capsule/ proximal loop of henle/ distal loop of henle> distal convoluted tubules> collecting duct

B. glomerulus> bowman capsule> proximal convoluted tubules> loop of henle> collecting duct> renal calyces

C. glomerulus> bowman capsule> proximal convoluted tubules> loop of henle> distal convoluted tubules >collecting duct>

D. glomerulus/ bowman capsule proximal convoluted tubules > distal loop of henle> collecting duct> renal calyces

What is the central space where the renal pelvis, renal artery and vein and fat is found?

A. Renal medulla

B. Renal cortex

C. Renal calyx

D. Renal sinus

Which of the following is TRUE of renal anatomy?

A. The renal calyces join to form the renal pelvis which will narrow to form the ureter

B. The urine flows from the base of the renal pyramid and then to the calyx

C. The renal medulla is the inner non pigmented portion of the kidney

D. The renal cortex is the outer non pigmented part

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. A normal sized kidney is approximately 5 oz, with an indention at the middle of the hilum, giving it a pear- shaped configuration

B. A normal sized kidney is found between T12-L2 vertebra

C. The hilumis the central indention which contains the renal artery, renal pelvis, and renal veins

D. The renal capsule is a strong connective tissue that protects and acts as barrier surrounding the klidney

Which of the following is true of the function of the urinary system?

A. Excretion of waste products of metabolism

B. Regulation of blood vessels and blood flow

C. Erythropoietin secretion to increase white blood cells

D. Activation of vitamin E

When calcium levels in the blood is low, what cells breaks down the bone matrix?

A. osteoblast

B. Osteoprogenitor cell

C. osteoclast

D. osteocytes

The thyroid gland needs this mineral to function properly

A. sodium

B. iodine

C. potassium

D. iron

Lipid soluble hormones binds to which type of receptors

A. Nuclear receptors

B. Intracellular receptor

C. Membrane bound receptors

D. None of the choices

When there is too much thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), what will happen to our thyroid gland?

A. It enlarges

B. It shrinks

C. No effect

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?

A. Increases uterine contractions during labor

B. Targets the mammary glands

C. Follicular maturation of the ovaries

D. Aldosterone secretion

This medical condition is characterized by a decrease secretion of anti-diuretic hormone where kidneys will produce large amounts of diluted urine leading to dehydration and thirst

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. hyperthyroidism

C. Diabetes insipidus

D. hypothyroidism

This hormone is considered as a type of mineralocorticoid

A. progesterone

B. estrogen

C. aldosterone

D. cortisol

Growth hormone stimulates the growth of bones, muscles and organs. It is secreted in what endocrine organ?

A. Posterior pituitary gland

B. Pineal gland

C. Anterior pituitary gland

D. Thyroid gland

The following are water soluble hormones EXCEPT?

A. Growth hormone

B. prolactin

C. Antidiuretic hormone

D. Luteinizing hormone

They are produced by neurons and secreted into a synaptic cleft by presynaptic nerve terminals. What class of chemical messengers we are describing to?

A. neurotransmitters

B. endocrine

C. autocrine

D. paracrine

Epinephrine is released as part of the fight or flight response targeting the heart, blood vessels and other organs. What specific part of the body releases epinephrine?

A. Adrenal cortex

B. hypothalamus

C. Adrenal medulla

D. Pituitary gland

Pituitary dwarfism is an abnormality if there is a decrease levels of what hormone?

A. Thyroid hormone

B. Growth hormone

C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

D. insulin

Which hormone is increased in a fasting state?

A. glucagon

B. Growth hormone

C. insulin

D. somatostatin

Regulatory hormones are released into the hypo-physealportal system for the delivery to the anterior pituitary gland. Which of the following is NOT an indirect control through the release of regulatory hormones by the hypothalamus?

A. oxytocin

B. Growth hormone

C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone

D. Thyroid stimulating hormone

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

A. reproduction

B. Blood glucose level regulation

C. Growth and metabolism

D. All of the choices

E. None of the choices

Which of the following hormones is water soluble?

A. Luteinizing hormone

B. Growth hormone

C. Follicle stimulating hormone

D. androgens

This hormone is important for milk secretion during lactation

A. TSH

B. prolactin

C. glucagon

D. ADH

Which of the following is NOT an affect of aldosterone in the kidneys?

A. Sodium retention

B. Decreased water loss

C. Potassium excretion

D. Increased sodium excretion

The pineal gland secretes the hormone, melatonin. Which of the following target tissues does it have an effect?

A. skin

B. Pituitary gland

C. hypothalamus

D. pons

What cells secrete hormone that increases the blood glucose levels?

A. Alpha cells

B. Delta cells

C. Beta cells

D. Theta cells

Parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of what blood ion?

A. Na+

B. Ca++

C. K+

D. Mg+

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

A. Anti-diuretic hormone

B. prolactin

C. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

D. Thyroid stimulating hormone

Oxytocin targets which organ?

A. testes

B. kidneys

C. liver

D. uterus

Which of the following chemical messengers is produced by a wide variety of tissues and is secreted into extracellular fluid and has a localized effect on other tissues?

A. Autocrine

B. paracrine

C. neurotransmitters

D. endocrine

Which of the following is TRUE about Hyperthyroidism?

A. Decreased metabolism

B. Weight loss

C. Reduced appetite

D. Dryness and cool skin

The following structures are part of the vulva EXCEPT?

A. Mons pubis

B. Labia majora

C. Perineal body

D. vestibule

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