Practice Exam for the 4th Midterm
Understanding Evolution: Midterm Practice Exam
This quiz is designed for students preparing for their 4th midterm exam in evolutionary biology. It covers key concepts in evolution, adaptation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and selection mechanisms through engaging question formats.
Test your knowledge on:
- Key scientists and their contributions to evolutionary theory
- Adaptation and survival strategies in different environments
- The implications of genetic drift and gene flow
- Understanding cladistics and evolutionary relationships
There were a few scientists that we covered this week that contradicted and disproved the typological thinking of others in the 1700s, match the scientist with the idea. Select all that apply.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck----inspired Wallace and Darwin, he believed that the Earth was older than people thought
Charles Lyell---inspired Darwin and believed that geological forces gradually shaped the Earth
Georges Buffon----documented fossils that showed that extinction had occurred
Georges Cuvier---proposed catastrophism through fossil research
Alfred Russel Wallace---father of evolution, naturalist, and voyaged (of the Beagle) to multiple islands to observe shared characteristics among organisms
Charles Darwin----disproved that species are incapable of change
Which is not an example of adaptation?
The process by which a plant population becomes drought-resistance.
The increased ability of an individual plant (above baseline) to withstand further drought after it has received a heat shock, which causes the expression of specific proteins that enable more efficient use of water
Moths with darker wings having an advantage in blending into trees within the forest/woods so that predators won't get them.
Long necks for giraffes for feeding the top of trees
Long, hollow bones in birds that fly (not in penguins or ostriches)
Candida auris is an emerging fungus that presents a serious health threat since it can affect any body part even a cut or wound. It can colonize throughout the body and even get into the bloodstream. There have been several antibiotics created for it, but Candida is resistant. You are a doctor and a patient comes in with a fever and chills. A blood test confirms that they have Candida auris. Amphotericin B is administered as an antibiotic (drug therapy), but the patient dies a couple of days after. Why is that the case? Choose the best option, I know that many of them can arguably be the case, but remember what Dr. Swigonova mentioned in her lectures.
The patient was diagnosed too late.
A chance mutation occurs in the fungus making it resistant to the antibiotic
A chance mutation occurs in the patient's cells making them able to resist the antibiotic
The individual candida strains have evolved over a 5 year period making it more resistant to antibiotics
The patient was misdiagnosed and the doctor should be charged with malpractice
Which is an example of inter-sexual selection? Choose the best option.
Women catfighting with each other to compete for men that have six-pack abs and intelligence to be their baby daddies.
Male rhinos fighting with their male counterparts in order to attract a mate.
Male fireflies shining their bioluminescence to attract a mate
Lionesses preferring lions with darker manes (because they believe that darker manes are a sign of good health) to produce offspring with
Extreme variation in reproductive success amongst individuals within a population since genders fight with each other
What does the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium describe?
A population that is capable of change
A population that is smaller than average
A population that is not evolving
A population that has changes in allelic frequencies
A population with non-random mating that has gene flow
In a grassland environment, there are 3 types of green beetles. The light green and dark green beetles are less likely to blend in with their grassy environment meaning that they are more likely to be eaten by predators. The medium green phenotype, however does not have this disadvantage and blends in perfectly with their environment. What is this an example of?
Different populations of rabbits that were once isolated now experience gene flow. What is the most likely outcome for this matter?
Populations will become more genetically similar to one another
Populations will decrease in genetic variation
Populations will become less phenotypically similar
The Bottleneck effect will occur
What is true about smaller populations? Select all that apply.
They are more prone to a genetic drift
They are more prone to gene flow
They are more likely to have the founder's effect
They might be that way due to a bottleneck effect
They have less mutations
They have higher amounts of genetic diversity
A. What in this image is an example of synapomorphy? Why?
B. What in this image is monophyletic?
C. Is this a cladogram or phylogram?
D. What in this image is a polyphyletic group? Why?
E. What in this image is a paraphyletic group? Why?
F. What trait in this image is an example of plesiomorphy? Why?
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