Is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.

The device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.

Is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.

Information today comes in different form such as text, numbers, images, audio and video.

The information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, numbers, pictures, audio, and video.

COMMUNICATION THAT ONLY OCCURS FACE-TO-FACE

COMMUNICATION THAT TAKE OVER DISTANCE

IT INCLUDES, TELEPHONY, TELEGRAPHY AND TELEVISON MEANS COMMUNICATION AT A DISTANCE.

GREEK WORD MEANS FAR

INFORMATION PRESENTED IN WHATEVER FORM IS AGREE UPON BY PARTIES CREATING AND USING DATA.

ARE THE EXCHANGE OF DATA BETWEEN TWO DEVICES VIA SOME FORM OF TRANSMISSION MEDIUM SUCH AS A WIRE CABLE.

The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user.

The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been altered in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.

The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless. In the case of video and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as they are produced, in the same order that they are produced, and without significant delay. This kind of delivery is called real-time transmission.

refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in the delivery of audio or video packets. For example, let us assume that video packets are sent every 30ms. If some the packets arrive with 30-ms delay and others with 40-ms delay, an uneven quality in the video is the result.

WHAT ARE THE 5 COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

Is represented as a bit pattern, a sequence of bits(0s or 1s). Different sets of bit pattern have been designed to represent text symbol. Each set is called CODE and the process of representing symbols is called coding.

The prevalent code system which use 32bits to represent a symbol or characters used in any language in the world.

ASCII STANDS FOR?

Also represented by bit pattern.in ascii it is converted to binary numbers, to simplify mathematical operations.

Are also represented by bit patterns and its composed of a matrix of pixels where each pixel is a small dot. The size of the pixel depends on the resolution

To show four levels of gray scale, you use?

refers to the recording or broadcasting of sound or music, Audio is by nature different from text, numbers, or images

Refers to the recording or broadcasting of a picture or movie. Video can either be produced as a continuous entity (e.g., by a TV camera), or it can be a combination of images, each a discrete entity, arranged to convey the idea of motion

Communication between two devices can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex

WHICH ONE DESCRIBE SIMPLEX?

WHICH ONE DESCRIBE HALF DUPLEX?

(also called duplex), both stations can transmit and receive simultaneously.

Each state can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time. When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa.

A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data from one location to another

Consists of the physical equipment that carries signals from one point of the network to another

Consists of instruction sets that make possible the services that we expect from a network.

OSI STAND FOR?

ISO ESTABLISHED IN WHAT YEAR?

covers all aspects of network communications is the Open Systems Interconnection model

This model is to show how to facilitate communication between different systems without requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software

The OSI model is a protocol

Which one is in the correct order?

THE CLOSEST LAYER TO THE USER PROVIDES APPLICATION SERVICES

ENCRYPTS, ENCODE AND COMPRESSES UNSTABLE DATA

ESTABLISHED SESSION BETWEEN APPLICATIONS

ESTABLISHED, MANAGES, AND TERMINATES SESSION BETWEEN END NODES

ASSIGN GLOBAL ADRESSES TO INTERFACES AND DETERMINES THE BEST ROUTES THROUGH DIFFERENT NETWORK

WHAT IS DATA LINK?

WHAT IS PHYSICAL LAYER?

coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical medium. It deals with the mechanical and electrical specifications of the interface and transmission medium

The physical layer is concerned with the connection of devices to the media. In a point-to-point configuration, two devices are connected through a dedicated link. In a multipoint configuration, a link is shared among several devices.

TCP STANDS FOR?

WHAT IS IP STANDS FOR?

The purpose of TCP/IP model is to allow communication over large distances.

The purpose of TCP/IP model is to allow communication over large distances.

Model divides the data into packets at the sender’s end and the same packets have to be recombined at the receiver’s end to form the same data, and this thing happens to maintain the accuracy of the data

IN TCP/IP MODEL IT ALLLOWS ACCESS TO NETWORK RESOURCES

WHAT IS TRANSPORT IN TCP/IP MODEL?

WHAT IS INTERNET IN TCP/IP MODEL?

IN TCP/IP MODEL IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TRANSMISSION FOR BETWEEN TWO DEVICE ON THE SAME NETWORK

Builds on the network layer in order to provide data transport from a process on a source system machine to a process on a destination system

Interacts with an application program, which is the highest level of OSI model. The application layer is the OSI layer, which is closest to the end-user

Is this layer of the four-layer TCP/IP model. This layer is also called a network access layer. It helps you to defines details of how data should be sent using the network.

Is an internet protocol suite which breaks up the message into TCP Segments and reassembling them at the receiving side.

An Internet Protocol address that is also known as an IP address is a numerical label. It is assigned to each device that is connected to a computer network which uses the IP for communication

Stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is a framework which is used for managing the devices on the internet by using the TCP/IP protocol.

Is a foundation of the World Wide Web. It is used for transferring webpages and other such resources from the HTTP server or web server to the web client or the HTTP client

Stands for Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol supports the e-mail is known as a simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol helps you to send the data to another e-mail address.

Stands for Domain Name System. An IP address that is used to identify the connection of a host to the internet uniquely. However, users prefer to use names instead of addresses for that DNS.

stands for Terminal Network. It establishes the connection between the local and remote computer. It established connection in such a manner that you can simulate your local system at the remote system.

Tands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a mostly used standard protocol for transmitting the files from one machine to another.

A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.

a task is divided among multiple computers. Instead of one single large machine being responsible for all aspects of a process, separate computer (usually a personal computer or workstation) handle a subset.

The most important of these are performance, reliability, and security.

Can be measured in many ways, including transit time and response time. Transit time is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one device to another

Network reliability is measured by the frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe.

include protecting data from unauthorized access, protecting data from damage and development, and implementing policies and procedures for recovery from breaches and data losses.

provides a dedicated link between two devices. The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices

T (also called multidrop) connection is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link.

refers to the way in which a network is laid out physically. Two or more devices connect to a link; two or more links form a topology

Every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device. The term dedicated means that the link carries traffic only between the two devices it connects

, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub

The preceding examples all describe point-to-point connections, on the other hand, is multipoint. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network.

each device has a dedicated point-to-point connected with only the two devices on either side of it

HYBRID TYPOGOGY IS A network can be hybrid. For example, we can have a main star topology with each branch connecting several stations in a bus topology.

defines a five-layer network

is usually privately owned and links the devices in a single office, building, or campus. Depending on the needs of an organization and the type of technology used,

Provides long-distance transmission of data, image, audio, and video information over large geographic areas that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the whole world

Is a network with a size between a LAN and a WAN. It normally covers the area inside a town or a city. It is designed for customers who need a high-speed connectivity, normally to the Internet, and have endpoints spread over a city or part of city

is a set of rules that govern data communications

WHAT ARE THE 3 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE PROTOCOL?

guidelines to manufacturers, vendors, government agencies, and other sevice providers to ensure the kind of interconnectivity necessary in today’s marketplace and international communications

Standards are often established originally by manufacturers who seek to define the functionality of a new product or technology.

Those standards that have been legislated by an officially recognized body are

(ITU-T) STANDS FOR?

(ANSI) stands for?

(IEEE) stands for?

(EIA) stands for?