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L-03-01-P57 - Molecular Basis of Cancer II

An informative illustration depicting molecular structures related to cancer research with visual elements of growth factors, oncogenes, and cell signaling pathways.

Discover the Molecular Basis of Cancer

Test your knowledge on the intricate world of cancer biology with our quiz on the Molecular Basis of Cancer II. This engaging quiz provides a comprehensive overview of oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, and the mechanisms behind cancer development.

Join fellow learners and explore:

Key concepts in cancer genetics
Types of oncogenes and their roles
Recent advances in targeted therapies

13 Questions3 MinutesCreated by ExploringCells231

46. True or False: Genes that promote cancer are known as proto-oncogenes.

True

False

47. Proto-oncogenes are regular cells genes that promote cell growth however in mutant form, these gene products signal to cells to divide inappropriately. Which of the following could lead to formation of oncogenes?

A. Mutation in only one copy of the gene

B. Shortened telomeres

C. Reduced levels of p53

D. Increased cytochemokines

E. Increased salmoprotokines

48. Oncogenes fall into 5 major classes which include (more than 1 answer):

A. Growth factors

B. Growth factor receptors

C. Intracellular signalling proteins

D. Transcription factors

E. Cell cycle control protein

49. True or False: There must be a decline in proto-onco activity for a proto-oncogene to become oncogenic.

True

False

50. Kinases are:

A. Another name for amine group

B. Enzymes that catalyse reactions with sulphur

C. A type of transcription factor

D. Compounds that phosphorylate or activate something

E. None of the above

51. Which of the following is not a method by which a proto-oncogene transforms into an oncogene?

A. Activating a mutation in DNA coding sequence

B. Gene amplification

C. A point mutation in the RAS gene that disables hydrolysis of GTP

D. Increased concentration of growth factors

E. Chromosomal translocation

52. True or False: oncogenes act in a dominant manner – I.e. They are a “gain-of-function mutation” and a single copy of the cancer-critical gene can predispose an individual to cancer.

True

False

53. Tyrosine kinases (TK) initiate intracellular cascade of signals that regulate cellular proliferation, survival, growth, differentiation and motility. Which of the following is incorrect about TK?

A. TK receptors are the largest group of oncogenes

B. There are various types of TK receptors – but they mostly encode receptors for growth factors or cytokines when stimulated due to cell division/proliferation

C. TK receptors auto-phosphorylate to initiate an intracellular signalling cascade

D. Src Non-receptor TK are located on the outer surface of the plasma membrane

E. When mutated, TK receptors can cause cancer

F. Ligands can cause clustering of the TK receptors, causing the assembly of dimers which allows two receptors to cross phosphorylate each other

54. True or False: Constitutive activation of TK is associated with every type of human cancer.

True

False

55. Which of the following are important targets of mutations or altered expressions which can eventually lead to cancer?

A. Phosphorus receptors

B. GABA receptors

C. Pro-gene receptors

D. P-53 receptors

E. Growth factor receptors

56. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a particularly unusual cancer because only a single oncolytic mutation si required for the disease to occur. Which of the following is incorrect about CML?

A. CML originates from a single abnormal haematopoietic stem cell

B. CML can occur due to chromosomal translocation that can only be detected in particular leukemic cells

C. CML continues to be a fatal disease with no treatment – hence making it one of the most intensively studied human cancers

D. Rapid proliferation of CML cells may require bone marrow replacement, cause increased liver size and significantly increased white blood cell count

E. None of the above

57. A range of different cancer treatments are now available to patients. Targeted therapy is one such treatment. Which of the following statements accurately describes targeted therapy?

A. Medicine that kills all rapidly dividing cells

B. Therapies that target the molecular rearrangement in cancer

C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies

D. Surgical removal of benign cancer – only if the primary tumour is small and accessible

E. Using electromagnetic radiation to target particular locations where the cancer has spread

58. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (Hint: look for the drug with the appropriate suffix/prefix)?

A. Gefitinib

B. Respivitriol

C. Pneumonalol

D. Teriphromycin

E. Scarcamorphine

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