BE

Tables, Graphs and Numerical (summary) measures are:

Estimation and Hypothesis testing

Value or a range of values

Binary, Nominal and Ordinal are

Discrete are countable

Age › Weight › Height Temp › LDL cholesterol are

Frequencies and Percentages / Graphs: Bar chart / Pie chart

Mean, Median, Mode, Standard deviation, interquartile range / Graphs: Histogram / Box plot

Arithmetic average of data values

Affected by extreme values (outliers) (two correct answers)

Are values that give information about how far the data points are from each other and how far they are from their mean.

The difference between the largest and the smallest values:

Average of squared deviations of values from the mean

A smaller sample size will result in a larger SEM and a less precise estimate

Measured in different units

Has the same units as the original data

Total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating and disseminating demographic, social and other data at a specified time

A population pyramid

The study of the distribution, frequency and determinants of health problems and disease in human populations

The scientific study of populations

The proportion of a population that is affected by disease at a given point in time

Is calculated dividing the number of new cases of a disease

Number of deaths at each age multiplied by a global standard life expectancy for each age

Years of “healthy” life lost by virtue of poor health or disability

DALYs = difference of YLL and YLD

The Epidemiologic Triangle

Barriers that prevent invading pathogens from entering the body

Resistance developed by the host as a result of previous exposure

Risk factors which assist the development of disease exist, but disease has not developed

Changes have occurred to lead toward illness but disease is not yet clinically detectable

Incubation period

Latency period

Detectable signs and/or symptoms of disease exist

Disease has progressed to the point of causing a residual effect

Immunity - Immunization – Behavioral Change – Treatment - Contacts, Carriers

Personal Hygiene – Food Protection – Water Supplies – Sanitation, Regulation