Block 7- Infectious Disease

A 23 year-old healthy male is sexually active with other men and does not use condoms. He is interested in reducing his risk of contracting HIV by using a daily oral antiretroviral medication. Which one of the following laboratory tests should be done no more than 7 days before initially prescribing pre-exposure prophylaxis with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (Truvada)?

A 25-year-old male presents to your office after recently being diagnosed with HIV infection at the health department. You obtain blood work and note that his CD4+ count is 180 cells/mm3. This patient should receive prophylaxis against which one of the following opportunistic infections?

A 40-year-old male respiratory therapist presents for a health examination prior to hospital employment. His history indicates that as a child he lived on a farm in Iowa. His examination is unremarkable, but a chest radiograph shows that both lung fields have BB-sized calcifications in a miliary pattern. No other findings are noted. A PPD skin test is negative. The findings in this patient are most likely a result of

A patient has chronic hepatitis C virus infection and advanced fibrosis. Based on current guidelines, which one of the following is the recommended approach to screening the patient for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Which one of the following cancers is a common extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection?

You are the medical director of a long-term-care facility that has 60 residents. Several patients experience fever, cough, and upper respiratory symptoms. Two of these patients test positive for influenza A (H1N1) virus. Which one of the following is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for this situation?

A 12-month-old male is brought to your office for a routine well child visit. His father has epilepsy and takes seizure medication. Which one of the following vaccines will slightly increase the child's risk of a febrile seizure for up to 2 weeks after administration?

A 27-year-old male calls and reports that he has an elevated temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C). He underwent a surgical splenectomy following an automobile accident 5 months ago. He has no allergies and is otherwise healthy. Which one of the following would be the most appropriate recommendation for this patient?

A 67-year-old female sees you because of a cough she has had for the past few days and a fever that started today. She is short of breath and generally does not feel well. She has no history of lung disease and is a nonsmoker. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, all of which are well managed with medications and diet. A physical examination reveals a mildly ill-appearing female with a temperature of 38.2°C (100.8°F), a pulse rate of 90 beats/min, a respiratory rate of 21/min, a blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg, and an oxygen saturation of 98% on room air. Her heart has a regular rhythm and her respirations appear unlabored. She has rhonchi in the left lower lung field but has good air movement overall. A chest radiograph reveals a left lower lobe infiltrate. Which one of the following is the most appropriate setting for the management of this patient’s pneumonia?

A 50-year-old male sees you for a health maintenance visit. He has not been to a physician for 5 years because he feels very healthy and believed he was up-to-date on all preventive screenings. You review his medical record and notice he has never had an HIV screening test. On further questioning you confirm that he is at very low risk for contracting HIV. Based on recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, you tell him that you routinely conduct opt-out HIV screening for