Nutrition

What is nutrition

Is the science of the intake of nutrients and their actions in body functioning

The secretion and excretion of physiological waste products by the kidneys and intestines

Appropriate nutrition is essential for normal growth and development throughout the lifespan

Digestion is act of the body breaking down food into simple substances that are absorbed by the body "bloodstream" as nutrients or eliminated by the body as waste

True

False

What is Hunger

Stimulus that encourages individuals to not eat

Stimulus that encourage individuals to eat

Ghrelin "Peptide" hormone increases appetite

Leptin "protein produced by fat cells that is" hormone decreased appetite

Satiety- the feeling of fullness and satisfaction that should inhibit until the next meal

True

False

Food Security is the members of the household had resources just sufficient to obtain appropriate quantities and variety of foods.

True

False

Food insecurity is having no consistent access to sufficient nutritious food.

True

False

Food Desert

Any area of population where it is difficult to find good quality.

Cakes, cookies, pies.

Affordable fresh fruits.

Vegetables and whole grains.

Barriers to Adequate Nutrition

Cognitive dysfunction- Disability

Motor dysfunction- injury

Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing

Visual Impairment- hard time seeing food labels

Nutrients

Substances found in food that the body needs for health and growth as well as for maintenance and repair

Needed for survival

Essential Nutrient

Needed for survival- Water

Needed for survival- apple juice

Water helps with nerves and muscle functioning

Water helps with fluid balance adequate of it is igested.

Nutrient Density

The ratio of good nutrients to the calories a food contains

Provides a standard for identifying needed amounts of each nutrients

Contains vitamins, minerals, fibers

To eat a balanced and appropriate diet experts suggest the eating a nutrient Density diet

Macronutrients

Include Carbohydrates, protein and fats.

They are eaten in large amounts

Are the limited blocks of any mean

Are the primary building blocks of any diet

Provides the body with energy to function.

Are composed of vitamins and minerals and only small amounts are required in a diet. It does not supply energy or calories but plays an important role in the body.

Micronutrients

Macronutrients

Carbohydrates serves many functions what are they?

Provides energy for cellular work

Provides energy for outer work

Helps regulate protein and fat metabolism

Essential for normal cardiac and central nervous system functioning

Glucose is the main nutrient for the brain

Glycemic Index is a carbohydrates containing foods ability to increase the body glucose levels.

True

False

Foods with high Glycemic index is going to increase the blood sugar rapidly. So, foods like potatoes, white breads, process foods will do that.

True

False

Foods with low Glycemic index is going to increase the blood sugar slowly and steady. So, foods like fruits, vegetable, lagunes "beans", whole grains will do this.

True

False

Monosaccharides is "Simple" - Glucose= corn syrup, fructose= fruit, and galactose= milk sugar- provides basic energy for cells.

True

False

Disaccharides is " Simple"- Sucrose= table sugar, lactose= milk sugar, and maltose= malt sugar- Provides energy, aids in calcium and phosphorus absorption. Its found in milk, sugar cane, honey

True

False

Polysaccharides is "complex" starches = grains, legumes "beans", roots vegetables. And fiber= whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. The energy is the starches and the digestive aid is the fiber.

True

False

Polysaccharides is broken down more slowly than monosaccharides and disaccharides and supplies energy shorter periods of time

True

False

Polysaccharides is broken down more slowly than monosaccharides and disaccharides and supplies energy longer periods of time

True

False

Refined grains are milled to have had the germ and bran removed, which gives them a finer texture and extends their shelf life, the refining process also removes many nutrients, including fiber. Example are white flour, white bread, white rice.

True

False

Enriched grains means that some of the nutrients lost during processing are replaced. Some enriched grains have replaced the B vitamins lost during milling.

True

False

Fortifying means adding in nutrients that don't occur naturally in the food.

True

False

Lipids (fats) is provides the most energy 9 calories/gram and fat is an essential nutrient for the body

True

False

what are the functions that lipid (fat) serves?

Concentrated form of stored energy for the body

Involves in hormone productions

Serves as structural material for cell walls

Provides protective padding for vital organs

Functions as insulation to add maintenance of body temperature

Provides covering for nerves fibers

Aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins- A,D,E, and K

Aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins- A,V,E, and D

Triglycerides- saturated fatty Acids which is a solid at room temperature. Found primarily in animals sources. Contains all the hydrogen ions they can.

True

False

Monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are the GOOD fats

True

False

Trans Fats- small amounts occur naturally in milk and meats but most is artificially made and used to increase shelf life and flavor of foods. It raises your bad "LDL" cholesterol level and lowers your good "HDL" cholesterol levels.

True

False

Unsaturated fatty acids includes Monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and found primarily in plant sources. Do not contain all the hydrogen ions and are missing hydrogen ions.

True

False

Essential fatty acids made from broken down fats, must be supplied by the diet

True

False

Protein

Serves as an energy source 4 calories/gram

Consists of links of amino acids

Provided by plant and animal sources

Classified as essential or non essential- essential amino acids non- essential proteins

Protein contain nitrogen

It contains 14 calories and 2 grams

Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids foods like Meats, Poultry, fish, milk, eggs, and cheese

True

False

Complementary protein is a food sources that are incomplete proteins eaten alone, but together are equivalent to a complete protein. Example eating beans and grain rice or hummus with cracker.

True

False

Incomplete proteins do not contain all 9 amino acids or contain insufficient amounts of essential amino acids for protein synthesis. Foods like legumes "beans", nuts, grains, cereals, and vegetables.

True

False

Micronutrients

vitamins

compounds involved in regulating body functioning

Does not give calories

Must be consumed, with the exception of vitamin D & K

Must be consumed, with the exception of vitamin D & E

Vitamin D is manufactured by ultraviolet irradiation of cholesterol molecules in the skin

True

False

What are Fat soluble?

Excess amounts growing and the cause of toxicities

Excess amounts stored and cause toxicities

Vitamins are A,D,E,K

Vitamins are V,KA,D

What are water soluble?

Excess amounts excreted through urine

Vitamins B complex and C

Vitamins C complex and A

Minerals do what?

Dissolved in water and carry an electrical charge.

Referred to as electrolytes

Doesn't work with other nutrients to maintain fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance in the body.

Work with other nutrients to maintain fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance in the body.

Involves in building bones, making hormones, and regulating the heartbeat.

what are the functions of water in the body?

Water intake= Hydration

Transports nutrients, waste

Regulates metabolic processes, body temperature.

Serves as solvent

Acts as lubricant and cushion

Doesn't Acts as lubricant and cushion

Maintains blood volume

Assists in maintaining healthy weight

Nutrition

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