You have an 8 litre jug full of water and two smaller jugs, one that contains 5 litres and the other 3 litres. None of the jugs have markings on them, nor do you have any additional measuring device.You have to divide the 8 litres of water equally between your two best friends, so that each gets 4 litres of water. How can you do this? Rearrange the steps as follows:-
1.First, water is poured from the 8 litre jug into the 5 litre jug, leaving 3 litres of water in the original 8 litre jug.
2.The 3 litre jug is emptied into the 8 litre jug, so the 8 litre jug now contains 6 litres of water.
3.Next, water is poured from the 5 litre jug into the 3 litre jug, so we now have 3 litres of water in the 8 litre jug, 2 litres of water in the 5 litre jug and 3 litres of water in the 3 litre jug.
4.Water is poured from the 8 litre jug (which at this stage contains 6 litres) into the empty 5 litre jug. We now have 5 litres of water in the 5 litre jug, 2 litres of water in the 3 litre jug and 1 litre of water in the 8 litre jug.
5.We are left with 4 litres of water in the 5 litre jug which is given to one friend, and 3 litres of water in the 3 litre jug that is poured back into the 8 litre jug that already contains 1 litre of water. This gives 4 litres of water which are given to the second friend.
6.The 2 litres of water in the 5 litre jug are now poured into the empty 3 litre jug. 7.Water is poured from the 5 litre jug to fill the 3 litre jug which already contains at this stage 2 litres of water.